Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): A coupled offshore–onshore model

Paris, Raphaël; Fournier, Jérôme; Poizot, Emmanuel; Étienne, Samuel; Morin, Julie; Lavigne, Franck; Wassmer, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.011

Cited by 192 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…However, the vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal beds, as indicated by the distance between the northern and southern group of outcrops, in some aspects resembles the distribution of tsunami-derived material. Paris et al (2009) point out that tsunami boulders deposited in the moat in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia) are evenly distributed in shallow waters, whereas boulders left by tropical storms build distinct ridges due to repeated reworking by turbulent waters. The boulders are composed of reefal limestones with weights reaching tens of tons, incorporated within sandy deposits.…”

Section: Stromatoporoid Beds -Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Sedimentary effects of recent tsunamis have been described from various locations (e.g. Szczuciński et al 2006;Goto et al 2007Goto et al , 2009Goto et al , 2011Paris et al 2009;Matsumoto et al 2010;Yawsangratt et al 2009Yawsangratt et al , 2012.…”

Section: Introduction -Palaeotsunami Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This often results in an admixture of open shelf faunal elements in shallow-water deposits or in mixing of marine and terrestrial elements (Kaźmierczak and Goldring 1978;Bussert and Aberham 2004;Cantalamessa and Di Celma 2005;Paris et al 2009). Another feature is the common incorporation of ripped-up mud clasts within fine-grained deposits (Yawsangratt et al 2012) or, more generally, a bimodal character of the deposited material, with large clasts embedded within finer sediments (Cantalamessa and Di Celma 2005;Yawsangratt et al 2009).…”

Section: Introduction -Palaeotsunami Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, correspondingly large flow velocities are needed to move larger fractions, such as reef boulders and large stromatoporoids. Modern tsunami-derived boulders are represented mainly by light, porous reefal limestones (Goto et al 2007;Paris et al 2009) which, like the stromatoporoids, are characterized by a low specific weight. The depths, from which the modern tsunami boulders and other tsunamigenic material were derived, exceed 20 m (Szczuciński et al 2006;Paris et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern tsunami-derived boulders are represented mainly by light, porous reefal limestones (Goto et al 2007;Paris et al 2009) which, like the stromatoporoids, are characterized by a low specific weight. The depths, from which the modern tsunami boulders and other tsunamigenic material were derived, exceed 20 m (Szczuciński et al 2006;Paris et al 2009). Many authors, however, both those studying modern and fossil tsunami deposits, report an admixture of open-marine fauna (microfauna) characteristic of deeper parts of the shelf (Kaźmierczak and Goldring 1978;Cantalamessa and DiCelma 2005;Dawson and Stewart 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Łuczyński¹,

Skompski²,

Kozłowski³

2014

Acta Geologica Polonica

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ABSTRACT:Łuczyński, P., Skompski, S. and Kozłowski, W. 2014. Stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates interpreted as tsunami deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. Acta Geologica Polonica, 64 (3), 261-280. Warszawa.Tsunami deposits are currently a subject of intensive studies. Tsunamis must have occurred in the geological past in the same frequency as nowadays, yet their identified depositional record is surprisingly scarce. Here we describe a hitherto unrecognized example of probable palaeotsunamites.The Upper Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate succession of Podolia (southwestern Ukraine) contains variously developed event beds forming intercalations within peritidal deposits (shallow water limestones, nodular marls and dolomites). The event beds are represented by stromatoporoid and fine-grained bioclastic limestones, in some places accompanied by flat-pebble conglomerates. The interval with event beds can be traced along the Zbruch River in separate outcrops over a distance of more than 20 km along a transect oblique to the palaeoshoreline. The stromatoporoid beds have erosional bottom surfaces and are composed of overturned and often fragmented massive skeletons. The material has been transported landward from their offshore habitats and deposited in lagoonal settings. The flat-pebble conglomerates are composed of sub-angular micritic clasts that are lithologically identical to the sediments forming the underlying beds.Large-scale landward transport of the biogenic material has to be attributed to phenomena with very high energy levels, such as tropical hurricanes or tsunamis. This paper presents a tsunamigenic interpretation. Morphometric features of redeposited stromatoporoids point to a calm original growth environment at depths well below storm wave base. Tsunami waves are the most probable factor that could cause their redeposition from such a setting. The vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal stromatoporoid beds resembles the distribution of modern tsunami deposits in offshore settings. The stromatoporoid beds with unsorted stromatoporoids of various dimensions evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the beds and with clast-supported textures most probably represent deposition by traction. In some sections, the stromatoporoids are restricted to the lowermost parts of the beds, which pass upwards into bioclastic limestones. In this case, the finer material was deposited from suspension. The coexistence of stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates also allows presenting a tsunami interpretation of the latter. The propagating tsunami waves, led to erosion of partly lithified thin-layered mudstones, their fragmentation into flat clasts and redeposition as flat-pebble conglomerates.

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Section: Stromatoporoid Beds -Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introduction -Palaeotsunami Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction -Palaeotsunami Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Łuczyński¹,

Skompski²,

Kozłowski³

2014

Acta Geologica Polonica

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Untangling boulder dislodgement in storms and tsunamis: Is it possible with simple theories?

Weiss

Diplas

2015

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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Boulders can move during storms and tsunamis. It is difficult to find a simple method to distinguish boulders moved by tsunami waves from those moved during storms in the field. In this contribution, we explore boulder dislodgement by storm and tsunami waves by solving an adapted version of Newton's Second Law of Motion in polar coordinates and defining a critical position for boulder dislodgement. We find that the boulder dislodgement is not only a function of the causative wave, but also of the roughness in the vicinity of the boulder and the slope angle. We employ the amplitude of storm and tsunami waves to dislodge boulders of given masses to evaluate if boulder dislodgement in storms can be untangled from boulder transport in tsunamis. As the main result of our numerical experiments, we find a significant difference between storm and tsunami waves to dislodge the same boulder for large masses and large roughness values. This allows us to conclude that simple theories are applicable to answer the questions asked in the title, but we argue only if they contain a critical dislodgement condition like the one presented here.

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Boulder dislodgement and transport by solitary waves: Insights from three‐dimensional numerical simulations

Zainali

Weiss

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The analysis of boulder motion and dislodgement provides important insights into the physics of the causative processes, i.e., whether or not a boulder was moved during a storm or tsunami and the magnitude of the respective event. Previous studies were mainly based on simplified models and threshold considerations. We employ three‐dimensional numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics coupled with rigid body dynamics to study boulder dislodgement and transport by solitary waves. We explore the effects of three important nondimensional parameters on the boulder transport problem, the Froude number Fr, the aspect ratio in logarithmic scale α, and the submergence factor, β. Our results indicate that boulder motion is complex, and small changes in one of the nondimensional parameters result in significantly different behavior during the transport process and the final resting place of boulders. More studies are needed to determine the role of boulders in tsunami and storm hazard assessments.

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Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): A coupled offshore–onshore model

Cited by 192 publications

References 44 publications

Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

Untangling boulder dislodgement in storms and tsunamis: Is it possible with simple theories?

Boulder dislodgement and transport by solitary waves: Insights from three‐dimensional numerical simulations

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