Boundaries, Structure, and Integrity of the Occupation Layer at the Gordinskoye I (Guryakar) Fortified Settlement, Udmurtia (9th–13th Centuries), According to Multispectral Imaging

Abstract

Science-based studies at Gordinskoye I (Guryakar) fortified settlement in northern Udmurtia (9th–13th centuries AD) were carried out. The occupation layer had been largely destroyed by plowing. The statistical analysis of multispectral images and segmentation of the generated images of vegetation distribution make it possible to assess the integrity of the occupation layer. The preliminary conclusion about the presence of its parts, varying in thickness, is based on the analysis of the configuration of areas of segmented multispectral images and the correspondence of diverse segments to relief features. Assessment of archaeological context and of the preservation of occupation layer (superficially disrupted, replaced, or transported) is possible only with the use of geophysical and soil studies and targeted excavations. The available reference data allow us to interpret individual segments present solely on the flat surface of the promontory. The assessment of the parameters of the occupation layer within the entire survey area is possible through the extrapolation of properties of vegetation segments with known characteristics. Based on the totality of data, it can be assumed that the built-up area of Guryakar was limited by the outer fortification line. A thick occupation layer is localized on the promontory, within two inner structural parts of the site. Two other parts of Guryakar, situated between the residence area and the outer fortification line, were probably used for utility purposes and manufacture. The deposition of the medieval occupation layer was less intense there. Additional markers of the fortifications, delimiting the boundaries of the settlement’s structural parts, are vertically oriented linear areas of the transported layer on slopes of the promontory.