Bovine coronavirus

Abstract

This review aims to summarize current data describing the characteristics of bovine coronavirus (BCV) and the three clinical syndromes with which this virus is associated. The first half of this paper consists of a general description of the virus, commencing with a brief outline of the methods used for in vitro growth. The structure of the virus is then described in more detail, with particular reference to the structure and functions of the four major viral proteins. This is followed by an outline of the unique replication strategy adopted by coronaviruses. The second half of this review discusses the clinical significance of the virus, beginning with a detailed account of BCV-induced neonatal calf diarrhoea, the clinical syndrome with which this virus is most commonly associated. The clinical and epidemiological importance of BCV respiratory tract infection is then discussed, and finally the evidence supporting the aetiological role of BCV in outbreaks of winter dysentery in adult cattle is examined.

Detection and Isolation of Winter Dysentery Bovine Coronavirus Circulat in Korea during 2002-2004

“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to survey the prevalence of WD and isolate WD BoCV in South Korea. The clinical manifestation in the cattle of the present herds was identical to that of WD reported elsewhere [5,6,8,10,12]. The consensus from those studies is that coronaviruses are commonly isolated from clinically typical cases of WD.…”

“…Bovine coronavirus (BoCV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes severe newborn calves diarrhea (CD) and is associated with winter dysentery (WD) in adult cattle [5,10]. WD is characterized by a sudden onset of diarrhea that rapidly affects many adult cattle in a herd and has been reported in many parts of the world.…”

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

“…BCoV is an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense, non-segmented RNA genome of approximately 31 kb (Clark, 1993). A 4092 nt fragment of the BCoV genome encodes the large petal-shaped surface spike (S) protein.…”

An outbreak of winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus in a high-production dairy cattle herd from a tropical country

“…It has recently been demonstrated that BCoVs also circulate during the warmer seasons, but there are genetic differences between the warm-season and winterseason strains, which reflects on the ability of the virus to cause disease (Park et al, 2006). However, cattle are more efficiently infected in the winter, which increases the environmental contamination and justifies the high morbidity of WD during the cold months (Clark, 1993). Although tropical countries do not have the welldefined seasons of countries in the northern hemisphere, some counties in the southern region of Brazil have low temperatures and low UV light intensity during the winter.…”