Bovine digital dermatitis and severe virulent ovine foot rot: A common spirochaetal pathogenesis

Dhawi, A.; Hart, C. A.; Demirkan, İbrahim; Davies, Ian H.; Carter, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.01.029

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One of our isolates (G179) is from a CO DD lesion, and the current work confirms it as a group 3 treponeme, as previously suggested (13). This result adds strength to the suggestion that the sheep form of the disease has been transmitted from the cow or a shared intermediary host (9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Association of Unique, Isolated Treponemes with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

et al. 2009

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This study used a PCR-based approach targeting 16S rRNA gene fragments to determine the occurrence and association of the three bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) treponeme phylogroups within lesions found in cattle from the United Kingdom. Examination of 51 BDD lesions collected from infected cattle across the United Kingdom revealed that BDD treponeme group 1 (Treponema medium/Treponema vincentii-like), group 2 (Treponema phagedenis-like), and group 3 (Treponema putidum/Treponema denticola-like) were present in 96.1%, 98%, and 76.5% of BDD lesions, respectively. The three phylogroups were present together in 74.5% of lesions. The PCR assays enabled the isolation of further treponeme strains from previously mixed primary BDD lesion cultures. Here a representative from each of the three distinct treponeme phylogroups was isolated from a single BDD lesion for the first time. These data highlight the extent to which this disease is polytreponemal. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to investigate lesional hoof tissues, resulting in treponemes being identified copiously in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, suggesting a potential route of exit and/or entry for these pathogens. This study gives further evidence for the importance of the three treponeme groups in BDD pathogenesis and reiterates the value of molecular genetic approaches for isolating and identifying fastidious anaerobes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Antigens were prepared from each of the three groups of treponemes by sonication and repeated freeze-thawing (9). These antigens were then pooled and supplied to a commercial concern for the generation of rabbit antisera.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Unique, Isolated Treponemes with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

et al. 2009

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“…Thus, understanding the etiopathogenesis of CODD is key to developing the means of managing and preventing the spread of this debilitating disease. Since the first CODD report in 1997 (18), it has become apparent that there is an infective component and that the specific treponemes closely associated with DD in dairy cattle (30,32,34,35) and beef cattle (4) are clearly involved in CODD and may be a primary initiating agent (38,55). However, the available microbiological data produced thus far have been limited and not sufficient for proving or disproving a causative association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have investigated the association of Treponema bacteria with CODD lesions (20,37) and hypothesized that CODD was derived from BDD lesions in dairy cows (38). To date, little substantiating molecular evidence has been produced, and the possible involvement of other organisms such as Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum has been proposed (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Level Association of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponema spp. with Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions and Presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

Sullivan¹,

Clegg²,

Angell

et al. 2015

J Clin Microbiol

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Digital dermatitis (DD) is an infectious lameness commonly found in dairy cattle worldwide, and it is known as bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) or papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD). The disease was first reported in 1980 in the United States (1) and in the late 1980s in the United Kingdom (2). BDD has also been confirmed in beef cattle (3, 4), and over the last 30 years, the disease has been recognized as an important cause of bovine lameness (5).Lameness in cattle and sheep has serious animal welfare and economic implications (6-9). The effects of lameness in cattle include a decrease in milk yield (9, 10) and fertility (8, 11-13) and an increase in rate of culling (12,14). This has been found to be particularly true for cattle suffering from BDD (8, 15, 16) with a recent study of the cost of lameness in the United States estimating that on average, BDD costs $133 per case (17).BDD is now a worldwide problem, and controlling BDD on dairy operations has proven difficult. Moreover, in the last 20 years, sheep in the United Kingdom have been identified with a form of DD termed contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), which is rapidly emerging as a severe infectious foot disease since it was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1997 (18-20). Now, CODD has spread into the Republic of Ireland (20), and it was recently reported in dairy goats in the United Kingdom (21), indicating further cross-species transmission. The contagious nature of DD is also evident by the reports of a manifestation of the disease in a wildlife host, North American elk (Cervus elaphus) from Washington State (22). The reports of DD in previously unaffected species, including U.S. wildlife, suggests a much greater global threat of the disease than previously considered.BDD in cattle manifests in several forms, but most frequently as an ulcerative lesion of the digital skin located immediately above the coronary band between the heel bulbs which results in severe lameness (23). The clinical features of CODD in sheep are slightly different, mainly because the initial lesion site on the sheep foot is different. CODD lesions commence at the coronary band and then run under the hoof horn capsule dorsally and abaxially (24). CODD frequently presents a particularly severe outcome where the whole horn capsule can be lost (18,(25)(26)(27). As a result of the severity of the lesions, sheep can be extremely lame, impacting the welfare of the affected sheep (28). This is concurrent with the lesion pathology identified in elk, described as erosive lesions on

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“…Several taxa other than D. nodosus have been linked to footrot; this disease can be considered as a polymicrobial disease with opportunistic colonisers contributing to increased severity and/or persistence of the disease (Beveridge, 1941;Stewart, 1989;Billington et al, 1996). The bacterial species associated with footrot are Fusobacterium necrophorum (Beveridge, 1941;Roberts and Egerton, 1969), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (Lavín et al, 2004) and Treponema (Beveridge, 1941;Egerton et al, 1969;Naylor et al, 1998;Collighan et al, 2000;Dhawi et al, 2005). The structure of the total bacterial community and how this differs between healthy and diseased sheep is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16S rRNA-based microbiome

et al. 2011

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We report the first study of the bacterial microbiome of ovine interdigital skin based on 16S rRNA by pyrosequencing and conventional cloning with Sanger-sequencing. Three flocks were selected, one a flock with no signs of footrot or interdigital dermatitis, a second flock with interdigital dermatitis alone and a third flock with both interdigital dermatitis and footrot. The sheep were classified as having either healthy interdigital skin (H) and interdigital dermatitis (ID) or virulent footrot (VFR). The ovine interdigital skin bacterial community varied significantly by flock and clinical condition. The diversity and richness of operational taxonomic units was greater in tissue from sheep with ID than H or VFR-affected sheep. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla comprising 25 genera. Peptostreptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were associated with H, ID and VFR, respectively. Sequences of Dichelobacter nodosus, the causal agent of ovine footrot, were not amplified because of mismatches in the 16S rRNA universal forward primer (27F). A specific real-time PCR assay was used to demonstrate the presence of D. nodosus, which was detected in all samples including the flock with no signs of ID or VFR. Sheep with ID had significantly higher numbers of D. nodosus (10 4 -10 9 cells per g tissue) than those with H or VFR feet.

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Bovine digital dermatitis and severe virulent ovine foot rot: A common spirochaetal pathogenesis

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Association of Unique, Isolated Treponemes with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

Association of Unique, Isolated Treponemes with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

High-Level Association of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponema spp. with Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions and Presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus

Ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16S rRNA-based microbiome

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