Bovine Trypanosomosis and Its Vectors in Three Selected Districts of Buno Bedele Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Trypanosomosis is one of the most economically challenging diseases affecting mammals, and it is a serious haemoprotozoan disease caused by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. The study was conducted to access the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, its associated risk factors, and vector density on cattle reared in three selected districts, namely, Chewaka, Dabo Hana, and Meko districts. Blood was collected from a total of 1046 cattle of age groups extending from 1 to 6 years. The buffy coat technique was used to check the presence of parasites from sampled blood, and the trypanosome species were identified using Giemsa-stained thin blood films. The packed cell volume of sampled blood was determined using the haematocrit. A total of 160 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. Generally, 3.44% of the studied animal was infected with trypanosomosis, and T. vivax was the dominant species of trypanosomosis in the study areas. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed due to associated factor viz. body condition and anaemic status of the animal; however, insignificant differences were also recorded between different districts, age group, and sex. The mean PCV value of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals was 22.22 ± 0.92 and 26.18 ± 0.16, respectively, and significant difference was P < 0.05. An overall of 1.82 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study areas, and among the total caught vectors, 81.4% of it was G. tachinoides and the rest was G. morsitans. Therefore, the veterinarians have to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation, and Bedele NTTICC has to take more measures to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies in Dabo Hana district than the others due to high flies per trap per day observed in Dabo Hana district.

Epidemiological investigation of bovine trypanosomosis and distribution of vectors in Jimma zone, Ethiopia

“…The odds of trypanosomosis were 2.5 times higher among cattle with poor body condition scores than those with good body condition. The current study finding is in line with previous reports from Ethiopia ( Degneh et al, 2017 ; Gebisa et al, 2020 ; Meharenet et al, 2020 ). This could be explained as cattle having poor body conditions were less resistant to parasite or trypanosomosis was mainly characterized by progressive weight loss ( Radostits et al, 2007 ).…”

“…This finding is in agreement with the fact that T. vivax was the major pathogenic Trypanosoma species in western Ethiopia ( Cherenet et al, 2004 ; Abebe, 2005 ; Mulaw et al, 2011 ) and other African countries ( Leak, 1999 ; McDermott et al, 2003 ). The highest prevalence of T. vivax recorded in this study is also similar with previous findings in Ethiopia ( Sinshaw et al, 2006 ; Gebisa et al, 2020 ) and elsewhere ( Nimpaye et al, 2011 ; Swai and Kaaya, 2012 ). The dominancy of T. vivax may be due to its ability to be transmitted both cyclically (tsetse flies) and mechanically (biting flies).…”

“…However, an insignificant difference ( p = 0.500) was observed between the sex of cattle and the prevalence of trypanosomosis. Similar findings were reported by Zemedkun et al (2016) in Wolaita zone and Gebisa et al (2020) in Buno Bedele zone. This attributed to cattle have an equal chance of exposure to the Trypanosoma parasite and its vectors in the districts.…”

“…However, no significant difference ( p = 0.267) was observed among the study districts. Even though this result differs from some earlier studies ( Tadesse and Tsegaye, 2010 ; Siyum et al, 2014 ; Meharenet et al, 2020 ), it is similar with those of Zemedkun et al (2016) and Gebisa et al (2020) . Lack of significant variation in the prevalence of trypanosomosis among the districts sampled might be due to similar tsetse flies controlling methods that had been taken by Bedele NTTICC (National Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Investigation and Control Center), having the same flies' belt and the same treatment strategies.…”

Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

“…Trypanosomosis is a chronic hemoprotozoan disease of domestic animals and humans caused by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus Trypanosoma ( 8 ). With an exception of Trypanosoma equiperdum of equines, which causes a venereal disease, all have arthropod vectors in which the transmission is either cyclically by tsetse flies of the Glossina species or non-cyclical by many other insects ( 9 , 10 ). Cattle affected with trypanosomosis can show major clinical manifestations of a disease, such as intermittent fever, anemia, anorexia, dullness, apathy, watery ocular discharge, reproductive disorder, and superficial lymph node enlargement.…”