Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon: Seroprevalence Estimates and Rates of Tuberculin Skin Test Reactors at Modified Cut-Offs

Awah-Ndukum, Julius; Kudi, A. C.; Bah, G. S.; Bradley, G.; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Dickmu, P. L.; Njakoi, H.; Agharih, W. N.

doi:10.1155/2012/798502

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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Section: Mycobacterium Species Infecting Humans In Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important neglected zoonosis in Cameroon, where many communities depend on their livestock for livelihood and the incidence of human TB and TB-HIV/AIDS coinfection are high and increasing annually [8]. It is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis which can also cause disease in human and in a variety of domestic and wild animals [8]. A study done by Ndukum et al in littoral and West region of Cameroon showed that TB lesions are common pathologies identified in slaughtered cattle and rates ranging from 0.18% to 4.25% have been recorded [9,10].…”

Section: Mycobacterium Species Infecting Humans In Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Sensitivity and Molecular Diversity of M. tuberculosis in Cameroon: A Meta-analysis

VPK¹

2016

J Vasc Med Surg

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Tuberculosis (TB) represents one of the most challenging threats to global human health. M. tuberculosis causes about 8.8 million new cases of active tuberculosis and 1.1 million deaths annually. According to Cameroon's National TB Control Program (NTBCP), tuberculosis still remains a major public health problem: an important cause of mortality and morbidity, with a negative impact on the socioeconomic condition of the population. This paper is a meta-analysis review of the molecular diversity and drug sensitivity trends to first line TB drugs and the threat of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains to the TB control programs in Cameroon. A very large selection of papers from the last 20 years was done through Google, Google scholar, Pub Med using as keys words 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis, resistance to first and second line drugs, molecular typing, Cameroon'. The paper to be selected for analysis must have dealt with at least one of the key words and must have been carried out in at least one of the regions of Cameroon. The selected paper was red and the required information for the review was then extracted. Investigations of genetic polymorphism of M. tuberculosis complex strains from humans in Cameroon has shown M. tuberculosis sensu stricto to be the predominant agent of TB cases, with the preponderance of the LAM10 family genotype and large shift of M. africanum. The resistance to all first line anti-TB drugs has declined significantly, however, the general rates of anti-TB drug resistance remain high in some regions, underscoring the need for greater enforcement of control strategies in the country.

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Section: Mycobacterium Species Infecting Humans In Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycobacterium Species Infecting Humans In Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Sensitivity and Molecular Diversity of M. tuberculosis in Cameroon: A Meta-analysis

VPK¹

2016

J Vasc Med Surg

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“…For example previous studies in Cameroon have reported bTB prevalence between 0.1–4.3% using lesion detection in abattoir based studies [ 22 – 24 ]. Higher prevalences have been reported using ante-mortem diagnostics (3.5–18.4%) such as the single comparative intradermal skin test and even higher using a serological assay high (37.2%)[ 25 – 27 ]. Furthermore the awareness of bTB and the extent of milk consumption within Cameroonian cattle keeping communities is poorly understood with only previous studies limited to butcher’s knowledge of bTB [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Bovine Tuberculosis, Cattle Husbandry and Dairy Practices amongst Pastoralists and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Cameroon

et al. 2016

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BackgroundControl of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) has relied upon surveillance and slaughter of infected cattle, milk pasteurisation and public health education. In Cameroon, like many other sub-Saharan African countries, there is limited understanding of current cattle husbandry or milk processing practices or livestock keepers awareness of bTB. This paper describes husbandry and milk processing practices within different Cameroonian cattle keeping communities and bTB awareness in comparison to other infectious diseases.Study designA population based cross-sectional sample of herdsmen and a questionnaire were used to gather data from pastoralists and dairy farmers in the North West Region and Vina Division of Cameroon.ResultsPastoralists were predominately male Fulanis who had kept cattle for over a decade. Dairy farmers were non-Fulani and nearly half were female. Pastoralists went on transhumance with their cattle and came into contact with other herds and potential wildlife reservoirs of bTB. Dairy farmers housed their cattle and had little contact with other herds or wildlife. Pastoralists were aware of bTB and other infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and fasciolosis. These pastoralists were also able to identify clinical signs of these diseases. A similar proportion of dairy farmers were aware of bTB but fewer were aware of foot-and-mouth and fasciolosis. In general, dairy farmers were unable to identify any clinical signs for any of these diseases. Importantly most pastoralists and dairy farmers were unaware that bTB could be transmitted to people by consuming milk.ConclusionsCurrent cattle husbandry practices make the control of bTB in cattle challenging especially in mobile pastoralist herds. Routine test and slaughter control in dairy herds would be tractable but would have profound impact on dairy farmer livelihoods. Prevention of transmission in milk offers the best approach for human risk mitigation in Cameroon but requires strategies that improved risk awareness amongst producers and consumers.

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“…While rapid test kit alone may not be reliable for screening bovine TB and additional tests is required to validate its results [18]. However, tuberculin skin test and anti BTB antibody tests (lateral flow) when used in parallel presented an amended detection of BTB compared to the results of each test [19]. There are paucity in reports concerning prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Iraq, especially in last three decades, this could attributed partly to the cost and unavailability of a reliable and less cumbersome diagnostic screening test and political will to diagnose and eradicate the disease in livestock need to be improved more importantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

Ahmed¹

2016

AiM

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This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among based detection of M. bovis infection. A herd of 21 animals aged 1-8 years cross bread cattle of college of veterinary medicine. 19 (90.47%) animals had good body condition scores, two bulls included, and 2 (9.52%) cows were fair. Serum samples were collected, analyzed for anti-bovine TB antibody using RAT and iELISA. Also the herd was screened by CCTT. The tests were carried out twice, more than ten month interval, and twelve nasal swabs were taken within second survey. The first survey results revealed prevalence rate: 4 (19.04%) animals considered positive results (one positive and 3 suspected results) for CCTT, while the prevalence rate according to RAT was 10 (47.61%). The difference between the two prevalence rate was significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 4.50, p-value = 0.03) Kappa = 0.215 95% confidence interval: from −0.128 to 0.558; the strength of agreement is considered to be "fair". The study interprets: sensitivity 30%; specificity 99%. The second survey results revealed prevalence rate according to CCTT was 4 (36.36%), while prevalence rate according to RAT was 5 (45.45%). The difference between the two prevalence was not significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 0.33, p-value = 0.56). Kappa = 0.441 95% confidence interval: from −0.087 to 0.968; the strength of agreement is considered to be "moderate"; sensitivity: 60%; specificity: 83%. All serum samples and nasal swabs gave negative results for iELISA and culturing respectively. The study concluded that RAT was highly specific, easy, labor and time saving, suggesting its use as screening test in bovine tuberculosis, and How to cite this paper: Ahmed, W.A. (2016) Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation. Advances in Microbiology,

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Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon: Seroprevalence Estimates and Rates of Tuberculin Skin Test Reactors at Modified Cut-Offs

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Drug Sensitivity and Molecular Diversity of M. tuberculosis in Cameroon: A Meta-analysis

Drug Sensitivity and Molecular Diversity of M. tuberculosis in Cameroon: A Meta-analysis

Knowledge of Bovine Tuberculosis, Cattle Husbandry and Dairy Practices amongst Pastoralists and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Cameroon

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

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