Brachial Plexus Block with Use of a Neurostimulator in a Striped owl (Asio clamator) Undergoing Wing Amputation

Abstract

Background:The use of distinct drugs and techniques for establishing balanced anesthesia protocols has shown promising results in birds. The techniques of locoregional block can be incorporated to these protocols, thereby providing intra-and post-operative analgesia and reducing the requirement for general anesthesia. Additionally, the use of neurostimulators increases the chances of success and reduces the risk of toxicity; however, there are limited reports in the literature of its applicability in wild birds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the brachial plexus block technique guided using a neurolocalizer in a striped owl (Asio clamator) submitted for right wing amputation. Case: A striped owl weighing 400 g with a history of exposed fracture of the right wing was supplied by the clinical sector at the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Bahia. Following hydration and stabilization of vital signs, the animal was referred to the surgical center for amputation of the limb. Dexmedetomidine (10 µg.kg −1 IM) was administered as premedication, and after 20 min, anesthetic induction was performed using sevoflurane (FiO 2 = 100%) via a mask followed by maintenance using the same drug. The animal was positioned in a left lateral decubitus position with access to the brachial plexus determined by palpation and identification of the border of the following muscles: pectoral, cranial branch of the brachial biceps, and dorsal branch of the ventral serratus. The brachial plexus nerves are situated in the subcutaneous site craniodorsal to the axillary depression. For the block, a neurolocalizer was used, fixing the positive electrode to approximately 5 cm from the needle insertion site (21G × 2'") in the axillary depression, which remained connected to the neurostimulator by the second electrode. At first, the needle was attached to the peripheral nerve stimulator using a pulse frequency of 1 Hz with an impulse duration of 0.1 ms and initial current of 1 mA. The needle was advanced in the direction of the nerve plexus until it was observed that muscular contractions and movement in the limb were blocked, gradually decreasing the contractions, which disappeared at a current of 0.3 mA. At this juncture, after verifying the absence of blood on aspiration, ropivacaine was injected (2 mg/kg) with a latency period of 20 min. Data were recorded via monitoring of vital signs (DigicareLifeWindowLW9xVet), recording an average hearth rate of 140 ± 9.84 bpm, respiratory rate of 30 ± 4.18 mpm, oxyhemoglobin saturation of 99%, end-tidal carbon dioxide of 26 ± 1.98 mmHg, and temperature of 37.4°C ± 0.11°C over the course of 20 min of the surgical procedure. No movements were observed in response to pain stimuli, and the animal exhibited normal recovery, free of excitation or signs of pain. Discussion: Considering the imprecise history regarding fracture time as well as the lack of specific tests to clearly elucidate the condition of this animal, selective and safe drugs were selected including dexmedetomidin...

Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block

“…Administration of drugs was performed with the aid of a neurolozalizer after identifying the anatomical landmarks and muscle contraction responses produced in reaction to the electrical stimulation. The use of this equipment is important as it promotes greater safety and efficiency compared with the palpation method [9]. The use of this method rules out possible technical errors during the application of anesthetics.…”

“…Only one chicken, assigned to the LBG, lost all sensory and motor response when it awoke and remained so for the following 24 h. During this period, the bird was kept in a cage with water and food available. It was then euthanized by anesthetic induction with isoflurane using a face mask, followed by intravenous administration of propofol 7 [8] and, subsequently, potassium chloride 8 [9]. The chicken was sent to necropsy, which included collecting samples for histopathological evaluation.…”

>b<Avaliação do débito cardíaco de rapinantes, por meio de ecocardiografia, durante a sedação com dexmedetomidina e após a administração do antagonista atipamezole>/b<

“…Com o advento da dexmedetomidina, o uso desta classe de agentes vem sendo incrementado também nas espécies aviarias (SANTANGELO et al, 2009;BEEST et al, 2012;HORNAK et al, 2015;NASCIMENTO et al, 2019). Entretanto, os efeitos cardiovasculares deste fármaco são pouco conhecidos nesta espécie, razão que motivou a realização do presente estudo.…”

“…Ainda existem poucos estudos avaliando o efeito da dexmedetomidina na sedação de aves (SANTANGELO et al, 2009;BEEST et al, 2012;HORNAK et al, 2015;NASCIMENTO et al, 2019). Além disso, a dose deste fármaco utilizada como agente único na sedação de aves é bastante variável, sendo encontrada doses de 10 µg/kg a 80 µg/kg, dependendo da espécie e via de administração (SANTANGELO et al, 2009;HORNAK et al, 2015;NASCIMENTO et al, 2019). Na sedação de pequenos animais, a dose recomendada é de 7-15 µg/kg para sedação de cães e 10-20 µg/kg para gatos (GRUBB et al, 2020).…”

“…Não foram observados episódios de arritmia, bradipneia, excitação nem outros efeitos colaterais (SANTANGELO et al, 2009). Também proporcionou um expressivo grau de sedação e redução do estresse durante a manipulação e a indução anestésica em uma coruja-orelhuda (Asio Clamator) na dose de 10µg/kg (NASCIMENTO et al, 2019).…”