Brachypodium: A Model Temperate Grass

Abstract

Brachypodium distachyon – Purple False Brome – is a model grass species that is being exploited to provide new information on cereals and biofuel crops. B. distachyon is a small, erect, annual, self‐fertile grass with undemanding growth requirements and a rapid life cycle. B. distachyon has a small genome (∼ 350 Mbp ) and the genomes of several accessions have been sequenced. It has no economic value but comparative genomic approaches have used the smaller B. distachyon genome to identify key cereal genes, which have been difficult to pin down in larger genomes. B. distachyon is readily transformable using Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; mutated populations have been developed and genome editing has been demonstrated so that it will be possible to assess the function of any gene. As genome sequencing and assembly becomes ever easier, more scientists will work directly on crops rather than models but B. distachyon is likely to remain useful for functional genomics approaches because of its small size and rapid life cycle. Key Concepts Brachypodium distachyon is a model for grass and temperate grass species. B. distachyon has one of the smallest genomes in the Gramineae and it has been sequenced and annotated. The genome sequence has been used in comparative genomic approaches to help map key trait in larger genome cereal crops. Several genetic resources have been developed to aid elucidating gene function including mutagenised populations. B. distachyon has been used to give insights into cell wall construction, seed development and responses to environmental stress.

Changes in the Cell Wall Proteome of Leaves in Response to High Temperature Stress in Brachypodium distachyon

“…However, this requires detailed knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the various stress responses [8][9][10][11][12]. In order to facilitate the development of climate-smart crops, Brachypodium distachyon was proposed as a model plant for temperate grasses [13,14] because it offers a suite of advantages: undemanding growth requirements, small stature, short life cycle, relatively small genome and established protocols for efficient genomic editing [3,[15][16][17][18]. Large collections of natural accessions with well-described genetic diversity and variation in DNA methylation are also available [19,20].…”