Brain lipid fatty acids and temperature acclimation

Johnston, Patricia V.; Roots, Betty I.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(64)90111-2

Cited by 143 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This suggests that, following chronic exposure to heat, a sort of adaptive mechanism is developed in the erythrocyte membrane for maintenance of fluidity within normal level. This is also supported by the observations of Johnston and Roots who demonstrated that acclimation to higher temperature results in a greater proportion of saturated fatty acids in the major phospholipid classes [49]. Accordingly, the lesser increase in lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membrane following chronic exposure than acute exposure to heat may be ascribed to the adaptive mechanism developed during chronic exposure to heat.…”

Section: IVsupporting

confidence: 69%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies on Certain Heat Induced Changes of Erythrocyte Membrane with Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Alteration of Dietary Protein Level

Ghosh¹

2017

IJRASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on certain changes of erythrocyte membrane of heat exposed rat, fed on altered dietary protein levels. Elevated cholesterol to phospholipid (C/PL) ratios (7.56 ±0.26; p<0.001 & 10.22 ±0.36; p<0.001) in erythrocyte membrane were found both adequately (18%) protein-fed rats and protein-restricted (6%) rats respectively, following chronic exposure to heat. Prior supplementation with ascorbic acid potentiated the effect of chronic heat exposure on cholesterol content (58.47±0.98; p<0.01& 58.38 ±1.35; p<0.001) of erythrocyte membrane of both adequately protein-fed rats and protein-restricted rats respectively, while it tended to restore partially phospholipid content (7.65 ±0.57; p<0.05) of the erythrocyte membrane in adequately protein-fed rats only. The increased activity of AchE was observed, unlike ATPases which showed depressed activity. Significant decrease in iodine number and increase in conjugated diene formation and increased alanine liberation were found in erythrocyte membrane of chronic heat exposed rat. Acute exposure showed the elevated formation of conjugated diene (4.96 ±0.13; p a <0.01) in rats fed a 6% protein diet and decreased in iodine number (36.39 ±1.09; p a <0.05) in adequately protein-fed rats only.

show abstract

Section: IVsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Environmental stress like heat or cold stress was found to have influence on blood cells. Erythrocytes are known to haemolyse in vitro at [48][49][50] 0 C. Significant haemolysis and increased fragility were not observed at any temperature after incubation for 4 hrs. [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Certain Heat Induced Changes of Erythrocyte Membrane with Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Alteration of Dietary Protein Level

Ghosh¹

2017

IJRASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A particularly wellknown and consistent response to cold conditioning of plants, microbes and animals is an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids that make up cellular membranes (Cossins, 1983). This has long been thought to represent a homeostatic response at the cellular level, in that a change in membrane physical properties caused by increasing unsaturation compensates for the cooling-induced ordering of the hydrocarbon interior of cellular membranes (Johnston and Roots, 1964). This effect is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: A Central Role For Membranes and Membrane-bound Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of chill resistance adaptations in poikilothermic animals

Hayward

Manso

Cossins

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chill and freeze represent very different components of low temperature stress. Whilst the principal mechanisms of tissue damage and of acquired protection from freeze-induced effects are reasonably well established, those for chill damage and protection are not. Non-freeze cold exposure (i.e. chill) can lead to serious disruption to normal life processes, including disruption to energy metabolism, loss of membrane perm-selectivity and collapse of ion gradients, as well as loss of neuromuscular coordination. If the primary lesions are not relieved then the progressive functional debilitation can lead to death. Thus, identifying the underpinning molecular lesions can point to the means of building resistance to subsequent chill exposures. Researchers have focused on four specific lesions: (i) failure of neuromuscular coordination, (ii) perturbation of bio-membrane structure and adaptations due to altered lipid composition, (iii) protein unfolding, which might be mitigated by the induced expression of compatible osmolytes acting as 'chemical chaperones ', (iv) or the induced expression of protein chaperones along with the suppression of general protein synthesis. Progress in all these potential mechanisms has been ongoing but not substantial, due in part to an over-reliance on straightforward correlative approaches. Also, few studies have intervened by adoption of single gene ablation, which provides much more direct and compelling evidence for the role of specific genes, and thus processes, in adaptive phenotypes. Another difficulty is the existence of multiple mechanisms, which often act together, thus resulting in compensatory responses to gene manipulations, which may potentially mask disruptive effects on the chill tolerance phenotype. Consequently, there is little direct evidence of the underpinning regulatory mechanisms leading to induced resistance to chill injury. Here, we review recent advances mainly in lower vertebrates and in arthropods, but increasingly in genetic model species from a broader range of taxa. KEY WORDS: Membrane fluidity, Proteostasis, Compatible solutes, Gene ablation IntroductionEnvironmental cold poses multiple problems for all living organisms, especially poikilotherms (Cossins and Bowler, 1987). The effects of low temperature on performance are largely determined by the extent to which cooling reduces the rate of biochemical reactions -thus slowing down any rate-dependent processes (Hochachka and Somero, 2002). The impact on survival, however, is determined by the disruptive effects of extreme cold on *Author for correspondence (cossins@liverpool.ac.uk) the molecular processes underpinning normal cellular function, such as protein and membrane integrity, which in turn are closely associated with such fundamental cellular properties such as ion homeostasis and continued activity of excitable cells (Lee, 2010). Thus, at some point during both declining temperatures and diminishing performance, cold becomes stressful, and chilling injuries then accumulate over time, leading...

show abstract

“…B.: 17°-210 C: 79,8-97,4; 21°-17 ° C: 84,9-92,7; 25o-210 C: t20,9-103,9; 210-250 C: 111,9-110,8; 170-250 C: 91,0-107,7; 250-170 C: 102,7-95,4 Atmung und yon Fermentaktivitliten des Gehirngewebes yon der AT speziell bei Fischen Rii&schliisse auf Funktionen der Ganztiere zu ziehen, do& ist deren Tragweite wohl meist begrenzt (vgl. hierzu auch JOHNSTON & ROOTS 1964, HICKMAN et al 1964, KONISHI & HICKMAN 1964, BASLOW in PROSS~R 1967 (vgl. PRECHT in PI~OSSER 1958, 1961a, 1964d, PRoss~r.…”

Section: Untersuchungen Tiber Den Mechanismus Der Leistungsakklimatisunclassified

Der Einfluß „normaler“ Temperaturen auf Lebensprozesse bei wechselwarmen Tieren unter Ausschluß der Wachstums- und Entwicklungsprozesse

Precht

1968

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of "normal" temperatures on life processes in poikilotherm animals exclusive of growth and development processes. This review summarizes especially literature published since 1955. It deals with reactions, regulations and acclimations (adaptations) and does not attempt to exclude overlappings in regard to terminological classifications; acclimatizations (according to the terminology of PROSSER 1958) are not discussed and the problem of usefulness of a response (in the sense of a selective advantage) is avoided. In order to characterize the dependence of life processes on experimental temperatures, Q10 or #-values are used. These values can differ greatly, e. g. in different organ functions, partial functions of an organ, in case of varying functional states of an organ, equal organ functions in different races or species, etc. Parts of r-t curves of biological importance show sometimes especially low temperature coefficients -a fact not always caused by endogenous reaction norms, but sometimes also by regulations or adaptations. R-t curves can also be influenced in different ways by the size of the test animal; this may be demonstrated both in interracial and interspecific comparisons as well as by comparing different states of growth of one and the same species. In cases of capacity adaptation, temperature coefficients may also depend on the adaptation temperature. Seasonal influences on r-t curves are dealt with only briefly; they can be caused by various factors (adaptation temperature, photoperiod, endogenous rhythm, etc.). Experimental results may be complicated by over-and undershoots, particularly if the test temperature is changed rapidly. Over-and undershoots can be immediate reactions ("Einschwingprozesse"); but also longer lasting a~er-effects may be observed due to stress phenomena releasing counter-reactions of the body, rendering exact experiments more difficult. Damages which require repair may also occur. Stress phenomena can be observed on the basis of enzyme activities or of changes in RNA-content. Some examples are presented concerning regulations via integrative systems, and the possibilities for separating such regulations from reactions and adaptations are discussed. It is necessary to distinguish between genetic and non-genetic adaptations; the latter have been studied much more intensively. Changes in adaptation temperature can cause quantitative changes in important substances (e. g. contents of water and salt, proteins, fats, RNA, DNA) or in r-t curves of which severaI types can be distinguished; in some cases classifications are very difficult, e. g. in regard to some enzyme activities. The prerequisites concerning exact experimentation in regard to capacity adaptation are described. A non-genetic adaptation may manifest itself at all organismic levels (intact animals, isolated organs, cell metabolism, etc.). General rules for determining the presence of a capacity adaptation are difficult to establish; apparently it is more often to be found in aquatic than in ...

show abstract

Brain lipid fatty acids and temperature acclimation

Cited by 143 publications

References 14 publications

Studies on Certain Heat Induced Changes of Erythrocyte Membrane with Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Alteration of Dietary Protein Level

Studies on Certain Heat Induced Changes of Erythrocyte Membrane with Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Alteration of Dietary Protein Level

Molecular basis of chill resistance adaptations in poikilothermic animals

Der Einfluß „normaler“ Temperaturen auf Lebensprozesse bei wechselwarmen Tieren unter Ausschluß der Wachstums- und Entwicklungsprozesse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About