Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluation of Pediatric Patients With Developmental Delay: A Cross-Sectional Study

Randhawa, Harneet S; Bagale, Sachin; Umap, Rajesh; Randhawa, Jasneet

doi:10.7759/cureus.24051

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The findings of the present study, conducted in Saudi Arabia, are in line with previous research conducted in various countries, demonstrating consistent patterns of cortical abnormalities in individuals with DD [ 12 , 34 ]. Abnormal findings on the MRI brain of patients with DD have been reported in numerous studies [ 5 , 12 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. These abnormalities may include cortical abnormalities, CSF alterations, dysplasia, abnormal size or signal in the basal ganglia, and anomalies in the cerebellum and brain stem [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The observed deformities in the cortical regions of individuals with DD have significant implications for their neurodevelopmental outcomes. In a study on Iranian [ 33 ] and Indian [ 12 ] children with developmental delay, a significant proportion (20%) of the children were found to have brain structural abnormalities. The cortical region deformities may contribute to the cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments commonly observed in individuals with DD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normative brain development is characterized by dynamic changes in brain regions, including cerebrum tissue, cortical regions, subcortical regions, ventricular volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) [ 10 ]. These changes occur in an age-related manner and involve both short-range and long-range connections [ 11 , 12 ]. This developmental remodeling of brain connectivity, often referred to as pruning and strengthening of network connectivity, contributes to hemispheric specialization, increased efficiency, and reduced redundancy in neural processes [ 13 - 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Cortical Complexity in Children with Developmental Delay in Saudi Arabia

Abujamea,

Almosa,

Uzair

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: Developmental delay (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delays in multiple domains. The investigation of brain structure in DD has been enhanced by advanced neuroimaging techniques that can identify regional surface deformities. Neuroimaging studies have identified structural brain abnormalities in individuals with DD, but research specific to the Saudi Arabian population is limited. In this study, we examine the neuroanatomical abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions of Saudi Arabian children with DD.Method: A T1-weighted, 1-mm-thick MRI was used to acquire structural brain images of 29 children with DD and age-matched healthy controls.Results: Analysis of the MRI data revealed significant differences in several cortical and subcortical structures of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in several brain regions of the DD group. Specifically, significant deformities were observed in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, frontal gyrus, pars opercularis, pars orbitalis, cingulate gyrus, and subcallosal gyrus. These findings suggest disrupted neurodevelopment in these regions, which may contribute to the cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments commonly observed in individuals with DD.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insights into the neuroanatomical differences in Saudi Arabian children with DD. Our results provide evidence for cortical and subcortical abnormalities in DD. Deformities in the observed regions may contribute to cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, mood disorders, and language deficits commonly observed in DD. The structural analysis may enable the identification of neuroanatomical biomarkers to facilitate the early diagnosis or progression of DD. These results suggest that lower cortical complexity in DD children due to alterations in networks may play a critical role in early brain development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Cortical Complexity in Children with Developmental Delay in Saudi Arabia

Abujamea,

Almosa,

Uzair

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Neuroimaging may be recommended as either a first‐ or second‐line investigation for children presenting with developmental delay with variable diagnostic yields reported, from high percentages (Ali et al, 2015; Randhawa et al, 2022), to lower diagnostic yields (Murias et al, 2017). A systematic review of MRI‐B findings reported for children with developmental delay or cognitive impairment reported a pooled diagnostic yield of 7.9%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic findings and yield of investigations for children with developmental regression

Furley,

Hunter,

Fahey

et al. 2024

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Childhood conditions that feature developmental regression are poorly understood. Phenotype–genotype characterization and diagnostic yield data are needed to inform clinical decision‐making. The aim of this study was to report the conditions featuring developmental regression and assess diagnostic yields of investigations. A retrospective chart review of children presenting with developmental regression to a tertiary pediatric genetic clinic between 2018 and 2021 was performed. Of 99 children, 30% (n = 30) had intellectual disability (ID), 21% (n = 21) were autistic, 39% (n = 39) were autistic with ID, and 9% (n = 9) did not have ID or autism. Thirty‐two percent (n = 32) of children received a new diagnosis, including eight molecular findings not previously reported to feature developmental regression. Of the children investigated, exome sequencing (ES) provided the highest diagnostic yield (51.1%, n = 24/47), highest (63.6%, n = 14/22) for children with ID, 50% for autistic children with ID (n = 6/12) and children without autism or ID (n = 3/6), and 14.3% (n = 1/7) for autistic children without ID. We highlight the conditions that feature developmental regression and report on novel phenotypic expansions. The high diagnostic yield of ES, regardless of autism or ID diagnosis, indicates the presence of developmental regression as an opportunity to identify the cause, including for genetic differences not previously reported to include regression.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Brain by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paediatric Patients With Developmalestal Delay

Jha,

Kumar,

Gupta

et al.

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Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluation of Pediatric Patients With Developmental Delay: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract: BackgroundDevelopmental delay refers to the insufficient acquisition of age-appropriate developmental milestones. According to World Health Organization, approximately 5% of all children under the age of 14 years display some developmental disability.

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Reduced Cortical Complexity in Children with Developmental Delay in Saudi Arabia

Reduced Cortical Complexity in Children with Developmental Delay in Saudi Arabia

Diagnostic findings and yield of investigations for children with developmental regression

A Study on the Evaluation of Brain by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paediatric Patients With Developmalestal Delay

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