Brain mechanisms and intelligence, 1929.

Lashley, K. S.

doi:10.1037/11304-060

Cited by 202 publications

(280 citation statements)

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“…It had critiques of the old paradigm that many, rightly or wrongly, took as persuasive (e.g., Chomsky, 1959). It had interesting theoretical work (e.g., Hebb, 1949;Lashley, 1929;Newell, Shaw, & Simon, 1958). It had what many took to be very interesting empirical phenomena (e.g., Bartlett, 1932;Miller, 1956;Sperry, 1961 APPENDIX Our reviewers recommended that we provide quotations from prominent sources that assert that the cognitive revolution did, in fact, take place, as many readers probably have not been exposed to such views (given their training in behavior analysis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the cognitive revolution: An examination from the philosophy of science

2003

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The received view is that psychology has undergone several scientific revolutions similar to those that occurred in the physical sciences. Of these, this paper will consider the cognitive revolution. Because the arguments in favor of the existence of a cognitive revolution are cast using the concepts and terms of revolutionary science, we will examine the cognitive revolution using accounts of revolutionary science advanced by five influential philosophers of science. Specifically, we will draw from the philosophical positions of Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Laudan, and Gross for the purpose of discussion. We conclude that no substantive revolution took place according to these accounts. This conclusion is based on data gathered from some of the major participants in the "cognitive revolution" and on a general scholarly survey of the literature. We argue that the so-called cognitive revolution is best characterized as a socio-rhetorical phenomenon.Key words: scientific revolution, cognitive revolution, fallibilism, paradigms, research programs, research traditions, rhetoric of science The received view is that psychology has undergone a few key scientific revolutions, similar to the scientific revolutions that have occurred in the physical sciences (Baars, 1986;Gardner, 1985).' Histories of psychology, for example, typically depict two revolutions: behaviorism's overthrow of mentalism in the first quarter of the 20th century, and in the second quarter of the century, cognitive psychology's overthrow of behaviorism (Buss, 1978; see Hergenhahn, 1997, p. 553 ff.). This paper will examine the latter of the two revolutions, what is generally called the cognitive revolution.We examine the cognitive revolution according to accounts of revolutionary science provided by five key philosophers of science. We conclude that no such substantive revolution took place, at least according to the accounts of revolutionary science provided by these ' See the Appendix for quotations relevant to this "received view," as it pertains to the cognitive revolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the cognitive revolution: An examination from the philosophy of science

2003

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“…Subsequently, two contrasting postulates on cortical localization of intelligence were put forward. The first proposes that, processing of any task receives contribution from a large set of components or information-processing functions (Lashley, 1921(Lashley, , 1929Satz, Strauss, & Whitaker, 1990;Thomson, 1951;Thurstone, 1938Thurstone, , 1940. Therefore, any two tasks are likely to share at least some components, giving rise to universal positive correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral lateralization and general intelligence: Gender differences in a transcranial Doppler study

Njemanze¹

2005

Brain and Language

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The present study evaluated cerebral lateralization during RavenÕs progressive matrices (RPM) paradigm in female and male subjects. Bilateral simultaneous transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was used to measure mean blood flow velocities (MBFV) in the right and left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) in 24 (15 females and 9 males) right-handed normal subjects. The female subjects used a left hemisphere strategy, while males used a right hemisphere strategy to successfully solve RPM tasks. This implies that general intelligence is associated with neural systems within one hemisphere that are accessible to a variety of cognitive processes.

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“…De fato, parece que, muitas vezes, só nos lembramos de onde está um prédio quando dobramos a esquina anterior à sua localização. Da mesma maneira, um animal só consegue lembrar da saída do labirinto na medida em que vai percorrendo o mesmo -cada etapa serve de pista para a etapa seguinte (Lashley, 1963).…”

Section: Memória De Longa Duraçãounclassified

Memória

Júnior¹,

Faria²

2015

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo central apresentar os processos de memória de maneira didática, proporcionando aos alunos e futuros pesquisadores um primeiro contato satisfatório com o tema. Já há algum tempo, tem sido observada a ocorrência de confusões conceituais e metodológicas no campo da neurociência cognitiva, tanto em relação à memória quanto em relação às outras funções psicológicas básicas. Neste ensaio, alguns conceitos principais são esclarecidos. É apresentada uma classifi cação fenomenológica da memória, a qual inclui a memória sensorial, a memória de trabalho e as memórias de curta duração e de longa duração. Também são explicados os processos de consolidação e evocação das memórias, evidenciando os mecanismos biológicos envolvidos nestes processos. Palavras-chave: Memória, cognição, neurociências. AbstractThis paper aims to present the memory processes in a didactic manner, providing students and future researchers with a fi rst contact with this subject. For a long time, we have observed the occurrence of conceptual and methodological confusion in the fi eld of cognitive neuroscience, regarding memory and other basic psychological functions. In this essay, some key concepts are clarifi ed. A phenomenological classifi cation of memory is presented, which includes sensory memory, working memory and long term memories. Memory consolidation and retrieval processes are also explained, appraising the biological background involved in these processes. Keywords: Memory, cognition, neurosciences. * Endereço para correspondência: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil 36036-900. E--mail: camouraojr@gmail.com O presente artigo tem como objetivo central apresentar os processos de memória de maneira didática, proporcionando aos alunos e futuros pesquisadores um primeiro contato satisfatório com o tema. O texto é destinado, sobretudo, a iniciantes no assunto, mas esperamos que também seja útil aos já iniciados. Apesar de não se tratar de um texto técnico e especializado, não deixaremos de lado o rigor metodológico e conceitual.Percebemos certa carência de textos curtos de revisão sobre o tema, que permitam aos interessados em estudar a memória uma visão panorâmica sobre o assunto. Já há algum tempo, temos observado a ocorrência de confusões conceituais e metodológicas no campo da neurociência cognitiva, tanto em relação à memória quanto em relação às outras funções psicológicas básicas. Tentaremos, neste ensaio, sistematizar e esclarecer alguns conceitos. Não serão colocadas citações ao longo do texto a fi m de facilitar a fl uidez da leitura, exceto se apresentarmos dados de outros estudos.Por fi m, é importante deixar claro que a separação das funções psicológicas se dá apenas no nível teórico para atender a fi ns didáticos. No entanto, essa separação é artifi cial, pois as funções psicológicas não atuam separadamente umas das outras. No processo de memorização, por exemplo, há outras f...

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Brain mechanisms and intelligence, 1929.

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

The structure of the cognitive revolution: An examination from the philosophy of science

The structure of the cognitive revolution: An examination from the philosophy of science

Cerebral lateralization and general intelligence: Gender differences in a transcranial Doppler study

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