Brain oxidative damage restored by Sesbania grandiflora in cigarette smoke-exposed rats

Abstract

Cigarette smoking has been associated with high risk of neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc., The present study was designed to evaluate the restorative effects of Sesbania grandiflora (S. grandiflora) on oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in the brain of rats. Adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 90 days and consecutively treated with S. grandiflora aqueous suspension (SGAS, 1000 mg/kg body weight per day by oral gavage) for a period of 3 weeks. The levels of protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, and activities of cytochrome P450, NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase were significantly increased, whereas the levels of total thiol, protein thiol, non-protein thiol, nucleic acids, tissue protein and the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase were significantly diminished in the brain of rats exposed to cigarette smoke as compared with control rats. Also cigarette smoke exposure resulted in a significant alteration in brain total lipid, total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids content. Treatment of SGAS is regressed these alterations induced by cigarette smoke. The results of our study suggest that S. grandiflora restores the brain from cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage. S. grandiflora could have rendered protection to the brain by stabilizing their cell membranes and prevented the protein oxidation, probably through its free radical scavenging and anti-peroxidative effect.

“Elutriating therapeutic prospective of natural pharmacological agents of Renatus Nova”

“…The adaptogen refer to substances which increase "nonspecific" resistance to adverse influence to organism and stress. The adaptogenic substances restore, strengthen the normal body function compromised by stress as well as have a protective effect on health against varied environmental assaults and emotional conditions, in other words adaptogens useful during adrenal hyper stress and adrenal hypofatigue (Pranati Nayak and M Thirunavoukkarasu, 2016) [34]. Anticarcinogenic and Antiproliferative Activity Boerhaviadiffusa have shown cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect on various cell lines, like human cervical cancer HeLa cell line (Srivastava et al, 2009), mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), human macrophage cells (U937), human monocytic cells (THP-1), mouse fibroblast cells (L929), human embryonic kidney cells (HeLa293), mouse liver cells (BNCLC.2), African green monkey kidney cell (COS-1), mouse lymphoma cells (EL-4), human erythroleukemia cells (K562), and human T cells (Mehrotra et al, 2002) [35].…”

An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Changes Associated with Cigarette Smoking: A Review

“…A free-radical mediated chain of reaction causes lipid auto-oxidation which means the unsaturated lipid bilayer reacts chemically with free radicals to generate primary or secondary lipid peroxidation products. 32 The free radicals formation upon cigarette smoke exposure on experimental rats causes an increase in Na + , Ca + ions inside the cell and K + , Mg + outside the cell leads to altered activity of membrane-bound enzymes such as Na + /K + exchanger, Ca + ATPases and Mg + ATPases 33 indicates the disturbance in the generation of an action potential in neuron causes ionic equilibrium imbalance and leads to altered cell signalling, protein, DNA damage, and cytotoxicity. 34 Moreover, increased levels of lipid peroxides, lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, C/P-cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and mitochondrial enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, and cytochrome C oxidase and also oxidative phosphorylation measured variables (O/ADP ratio, ATP quantity, rate succinate oxidation) were altered leads to no electron transport chain reaction and decrease concentration gradient leads to decrease ATP synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction 35 An increase in the levels of carbonyl which was found to be the secondary free radicals product contributes to lipid peroxidation and elevated levels of cytochrome p450, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase were found.…”

Medicinal and Therapeutic Value of Sesbania grandiflora

“…Hence, eradication of biofilm is often considered to be a difficult task and therefore use of plant products to inhibit biofilm may be a viable alternative [12]. Ramesh et.al, 2015 showed brain oxidative damage restored by Sesbania grandiflora in cigarette smoke-exposed rats [13]. Earlier, the lead author and associates presented cardioprotective action of S. grandiflora aqueous suspension that restored the antioxidant status and retained the levels of micronutrients in cigarette smoke-exposed rats [14,15].…”