Brain structural and functional alterations in MOG antibody disease

Zhuo, Zhizheng; Duan, Yunyun; Tian, De-Cai; Wang, Xinli; Gao, Chenyang; Ding, Jinli; Zheng, Fenglian; Zhang, Tian; Zhang, Xinghu; Barkhof, Frederik; Shi, Fu‐Dong

doi:10.1177/1352458520964415

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Severe functional impairment in the visual areas and increased FC in the temporal gyrus were also detected in MOGAD (55), which indicates the presence of functional plasticity trying to compensate for the structural damage, as previously demonstrated in MS and NMOSD (112).…”

Section: Advanced Mri Techniques Assessing Functional Changessupporting

confidence: 76%

MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

et al. 2021

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Several MRI measures have been developed in the last couple of decades, providing a number of imaging biomarkers that can capture the complexity of the pathological processes occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains. Such measures have provided more specific information on the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of MS-related tissue damage, being able to detect, and quantify the evolution of structural changes both within and outside focal lesions. In clinical practise, MRI is increasingly used in the MS field to help to assess patients during follow-up, guide treatment decisions and, importantly, predict the disease course. Moreover, the process of identifying new effective therapies for MS patients has been supported by the use of serial MRI examinations in order to sensitively detect the sub-clinical effects of disease-modifying treatments at an earlier stage than is possible using measures based on clinical disease activity. However, despite this has been largely demonstrated in the relapsing forms of MS, a poor understanding of the underlying pathologic mechanisms leading to either progression or tissue repair in MS as well as the lack of sensitive outcome measures for the progressive phases of the disease and repair therapies makes the development of effective treatments a big challenge. Finally, the role of MRI biomarkers in the monitoring of disease activity and the assessment of treatment response in other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease (MOGAD) is still marginal, and advanced MRI studies have shown conflicting results. Against this background, this review focused on recently developed MRI measures, which were sensitive to pathological changes, and that could best contribute in the future to provide prognostic information and monitor patients with MS and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases, in particular, NMOSD and MOGAD.

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Section: Advanced Mri Techniques Assessing Functional Changessupporting

confidence: 76%

MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

et al. 2021

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“…MOGAD patients present great differences in brain MR [4][5] , and no highly speci c radiological features has been identi ed to differentiate MOGAD from non-MOG antibody cases. Study found more than half of the patients had no evident lesions in brain routine MR [6] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOG-antibody Related Unilateral Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis With Refractory Cephalalgia: a Case Report

Ren

Lei

Zhu

et al. 2021

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Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive utilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (UCCE) comprises a new entity with heterogeneity which usually present as epilepsy. Cases with cephalalgia as the only clinical feature were rare reported. Here, We report a case with MOG antibody positive UCCE who only presented with refractory cephalalgia and had a good response to glucocorticoid. MOG antibody-related UCCE should be identified when patients present with refractory headache and it may represent benign cortical encephalitis.Case Presentation: The case of a 41-year-old woman with MOG antibody positive UCCE presented with refractory cephalalgia. Neurological examination is normal, and fundus examination suggested bilateral optic nerve head edema. Brain MRI discovered Flair hyperintense lesions in the sulci of right temporoparietal occipital cortex. MOG antibody was positive both in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. When the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, her headache completely disappeared and brain MRI showed partly recovery. At the follow-up of 6 months after discharge, she had no relapse, serum MOG antibody was negative and the high signal intensity on Flair had completely disappeared.Conclusions: MOG antibody-positive UCCE with headache as the single clinical symptom may represent benign cortical encephalitis.

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“…Protocols of FLAIR images were as follows: 3D sagittal acquisition by inversion recovery turbo spin echo (IR-TSE), time of repetition (TR)/ time of echo (TE) = 4800 ms/228 ms, inversion recovery = 1650 ms, flip angle = 90°, voxel size = 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm, matrix size = 256 × 256, slice number = 196. DTI protocols were as follows: 2D axial acquisition by spin echo-echo planar imaging, TR/TE = 4,000 ms/88 ms, FA = 90°, voxel size = 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm, slice thickness = 2.5 mm, slice gap = 0.25 mm, matrix = 96 × 96, slice number = 60, b values = 0 and 1000 s/mm 2 , diffusion gradient direction = 48 ( 17 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The white matter hyperintensity lesions on FLAIR were manually segmented by two experienced neuroradiologists (authors TZ and YD) using 3D Slicer software ( https://www.slicer.org/ ). The 3D T1 image was lesion-filled at the average intensity of surrounding white matter of normal appearance using the Lesion Segmentation Tool for SPM (version 3.0.0, https://www.applied-statistics.de/lst.html ) ( 17 ). Segmentation of lesion-filled 3D T1 images was conducted using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM, version 12 https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Alterations in Visual Pathway After Optic Neuritis in MOG Antibody Disease: A Comparative Study With AQP4 Seropositive NMOSD

et al. 2021

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Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is an important clinical manifestation of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disease (NMOSD). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-related and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody-related ON show different disease patterns. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in structure and function of the visual pathway in patients with ON associated with MOG and AQP4 antibodies.Methods: In this prospective study, we recruited 52 subjects at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, including 11 with MOG Ig+ ON (MOG-ON), 13 with AQP4 Ig+ ON (AQP4-ON), and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of optic radiation (OR), primary visual cortex volume (V1), brain volume, and visual acuity (VA) were compared among groups. A multiple linear regression was used to explore associations between VA and predicted factors. In addition, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) in a separate cohort consisting of 15 patients with ON (8 MOG-ON and 7 AQP4-ON) and 28 HCs.Results: Diffusion tensor imaging showed that the FA of OR was lower than controls in patients with AQP4-ON (p = 0.001) but not those with MOG-ON (p = 0.329) and was significantly different between the latter two groups (p = 0.005), while V1 was similar in patients with MOG-ON and AQP4-ON (p = 0.122), but was lower than controls in AQP4-ON (p = 0.002) but not those with MOG-ON (p = 0.210). The VA outcomes were better in MOG-ON than AQP4-ON, and linear regression analysis revealed that VA in MOG-ON and AQP4-ON was both predicted by the FA of OR (standard β = −0.467 and −0.521, p = 0.036 and 0.034). Both patients of MOG-ON and AQP4-ON showed neuroaxonal damage in the form of pRNFL and GCC thinning but showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.556, 0.817).Conclusion: The structural integrity of OR in patients with MOG-ON, which is different from the imaging manifestations of AQP4-ON, may be a reason for the better visual outcomes of patients with MOG-ON.

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Brain structural and functional alterations in MOG antibody disease

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

MOG-antibody Related Unilateral Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis With Refractory Cephalalgia: a Case Report

Structural and Functional Alterations in Visual Pathway After Optic Neuritis in MOG Antibody Disease: A Comparative Study With AQP4 Seropositive NMOSD

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