Brain targeting based nanocarriers loaded with resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease: A review

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the chief neurological difficulties in the aged population, identified through dementia, memory disturbance, and reduced cognitive abilities. β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques aggregations, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major signs of AD. Regarding the urgent need for the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, researchers have recently perused the function of natural phytobioactive combinations, such as resveratrol (RES), in vivo and in vitro (animal models of AD). Investigations have shown the neuroprotective action of RES. This compound can be encapsulated by several methods (e.g. polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), solid lipid nanoparticles, Micelles, and liposomes). This antioxidant compound, however, barely crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thereby limiting its bioavailability and stability at the target sites in the brain. Thanks to nanotechnology, the efficiency of AD therapy can be improved by encapsulating the drugs in a NP with a controlled size (1–100 nm). This article addressed the use of RES, as a Phytobioactive compound, to decrease the oxidative stress. Encapsulation of this compound in the form of nanocarriers to treat neurological diseases to improve BBB crossing is also discussed.

Unraveling the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease: an umbrella review of systematic evidence

“…Recent research suggests that RV may hold therapeutic potential for AD [ 33 – 36 ]. This is due to its ability to exert anti-amyloidogenic effects [ 74 ], provide neuroprotection [ 75 ], promote neurogenesis [ 76 ], and alleviate oxidative stress [ 77 ].…”

“…The notion that RV could serve as a therapeutic agent to manage the progression of AD has been influential in recent decades, prompting numerous researchers to investigate the potential role of RV in AD [ 33 – 36 ]. For instance, recent research indicates that RV may play a role in anti-amyloidogenic mechanisms, suggesting that natural or synthetic analogues may have therapeutic potential in AD [ 36 ].…”

“…The notion that RV could serve as a therapeutic agent to manage the progression of AD has been influential in recent decades, prompting numerous researchers to investigate the potential role of RV in AD [ 33 – 36 ]. For instance, recent research indicates that RV may play a role in anti-amyloidogenic mechanisms, suggesting that natural or synthetic analogues may have therapeutic potential in AD [ 36 ]. RV may also potentially impact AD through its antioxidant, silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1)-activating [ 37 ], and anti-inflammatory properties [ 33 ], as well as its ability to regulate Aβ and tau protein, both of which are involved in the development of AD.…”

Could Metformin and Resveratrol Support Glioblastoma Treatment? A Mechanistic View at the Cellular Level

“…The exosome technology involved removing naturally created exosomes from the blood, loading them with metformin or the desired drug, and injecting the loaded exosomes as a therapeutic: not only did the exosomes cross the BBB, but they seemed to specifically accumulate in glioblastoma cells [ 80 , 81 ]. Similarly, nanocarriers, nanoparticles modified with brain-targeted peptides, and liposomes increased BBB crossing and the delivery of resveratrol to the brain [ 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Resveratrol Activates Antioxidant Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Inflammation

“…Experimental strategies with innovative nanocarriers to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of resveratrol have already shown benefits in the field of cancer therapeutics [20] and in brain delivery [21]. Research on innovative carriers and formulations of resveratrol to improve its bioavailability in humans is ongoing [22][23][24]. Improvements in pharmacokinetics will overcome the safety concerns in resveratrol dosing [25].…”