Brain tissue reaction to some chronically implanted metals

Dymond, Anthony M.; Kaechele, Lloyd E.; Jurist, John M.; Crandall, Paul H.

doi:10.3171/jns.1970.33.5.0574

Cited by 128 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An in vitro study of five types of polyimide demonstrated that these materials do not elicit any cytotoxic response, and induce little haemolysis and only a moderate degree of coagulation (97-98% of normal for Kapton™) making polyimides an attractive candidate as biosensor encapsulants [37]. Platinum, a noble metal, is generally reported as nontoxic [38] while the medical grade cyano-acrylate glue (Loctite, 4011) also complies with the Loctite ISO-10 993 Biocompatibility test program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Nonplanar Microelectrode Array Circuits for Use in Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Cartilage Diseases

Quenneville

Binette

Garon

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-A process to fabricate nonplanar microelectrode array circuits was developed and the microelectrodes were characterized. These platinum microelectrode arrays are for recording streaming potential signals generated during indentation of articular cartilage. The nonplanar substrate was produced by permanent deformation of a 7-in-diameter circular stainless-steel wafer to form 32 semi-spherical caps

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Nonplanar Microelectrode Array Circuits for Use in Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Cartilage Diseases

Quenneville

Binette

Garon

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…Since they are in direct contact with tissues, the biocompatibility of the MEAs is necessary. Metal based MEAs such as gold, platinum and iridium as well as polymer-based MEAs are considered non-toxic and are widely used in neural interface devices [11][12][13][14][15]. Promising results have also been obtained from optical transparent materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement using graphene-based passive microelectrode arrays

Rastegar¹,

Stadlbauer²,

Fujimoto

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

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Abstract-This work is aimed toward the goal of investigating the influence of different materials on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of passive neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Noise reduction is one factor that can substantially improve neural interface performance. The MEAs are fabricated using gold, indium tin oxide (ITO), and chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene. 3D-printed Nylon reservoirs are then adhered to the glass substrates with identical MEA patterns. Reservoirs are filled equally with a fluid that is commonly used for neuronal cell culture. Signal is applied to glass micropipettes immersed in the solution, and response is measured on an oscilloscope from a microprobe placed on the contact pad external to the reservoir. The time domain response signal is transformed into a frequency spectrum, and SNR is calculated from the ratio of power spectral density of the signal to the power spectral density of baseline noise at the frequency of the applied signal. We observed as the magnitude or the frequency of the input voltage signal gets larger, graphene-based MEAs increase the signal-to-noise ratio significantly compared to MEAs made of ITO and gold. This result indicates that graphene provides a better interface with the electrolyte solution and could lead to better performance in neural hybrid systems for in vitro investigations of neural processes.

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“…The platinum and iridium alloy composition of the contacts is common for stimulation electrodes because it has a high Warburg capacitance (thus low electrode-tissue capacitance), low allergenicity, and reportedly minor tissue capsule formation compared with many other materials such as copper and steel. 9,13 Reactions to platinum and iridium have been reported, largely limited to industrial workers with chronic exposure in recycling centers processing catalytic converters. 1,5,12 Testing should include evaluation for immediate and delayed hypersensitivity through skin prick and patch testing, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal stimulator peri-electrode masses: case report

Scranton

Skaribas²,

Simpson

2015

SPI

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The authors describe a case of delayed spastic quadriparesis caused by a peri-electrode mass following the implantation of a minimally invasive percutaneous spinal cord stimulator (SCS). Prior reports with paddle-type electrodes are reviewed, and a detailed histological and pathophysiological comparison with the present case is made. The patient developed tolerance to a cervical percutaneous SCS 4 months after implantation, followed by the onset of spastic quadriparesis 9 months after implantation. The stimulator was removed, and contrast-enhanced MRI revealed an enhancing epidural mass where the system had been placed, with severe spinal cord compression. Decompression was carried out, and the patient experienced neurological improvement. Pathological examination revealed fibrotic tissue with granulomatous and multinucleated giant cell reactions. No evidence of infection or hemorrhage was found. Professionals treating patients with SCSs or contemplating their insertion should be aware of this delayed complication and associated risk factors.

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Brain tissue reaction to some chronically implanted metals

Cited by 128 publications

References 12 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Nonplanar Microelectrode Array Circuits for Use in Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Cartilage Diseases

Fabrication and Characterization of Nonplanar Microelectrode Array Circuits for Use in Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Cartilage Diseases

Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement using graphene-based passive microelectrode arrays

Spinal stimulator peri-electrode masses: case report

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