“…On the other hand, Kapferer [6] classifies brand personality as one of six elements of brand core, along with brand physique, relationship, culture, popular reflections of brand customers, and customer self-image. Further approaches to brand positioning include the differentiation between the market-oriented school of positioning vs. brand-oriented school of positioning as well classifying the wide variety of brand positioning approaches found in practice (value congruency models, quantitative brand positioning models, brand value and equity models, brand strategy models, qualitative brand positioning models, and brand communication models) [2,5,13].…”