Brassinosteroids and their role in response of plants to abiotic stresses

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are polyhydroxylated steroidal plant hormones that play pivotal role in the regulation of various plant growth and development processes. BR biosynthetic or signaling mutants clearly indicate that these plant steroids are essential for regulating a variety of physiological processes including cellular expansion and proliferation, vascular differentiation, male fertility, timing senescence, and leaf development. Moreover, BRs regulate the expression of hundreds of genes, affect the activity of numerous metabolic pathways, and help to control overall developmental programs leading to morphogenesis. On the other hand, the potential application of BRs in agriculture to improve growth and yield under various stress conditions including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Al, and Ni) toxicity, is of immense significance as these stresses severely hamper the normal metabolism of plants. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of BRs, an attempt has been made to cover the various aspects mediated by BRs particularly under stress conditions and a possible mechanism of action of BRs has also been suggested.

OsmiR396d Affects Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Signaling to Regulate Plant Architecture in Rice

“…BR and GA are vital hormones in plant that influence various developmental processes, such as cell division, cell elongation, flowering, leaf senescence, and seed germination (Greenboim-Wainberg et al, 2005;Vriet et al, 2013;Fariduddin et al, 2014;Sakata et al, 2014;Hedden and Sponsel, 2015). BR and GA interact with each other at both biosynthesis and signaling levels to form a potential complex network Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Identification and characterization of the BZR transcription factor family and its expression in response to abiotic stresses in Zea mays L.

“…This positive action is generally correlated with higher expression of stress marker genes, indicating that increased expression of stress responsive genes is responsible, at least in part, for the higher stress tolerance in BR-treated plants (Vardhini and Anjum 2015). In addition, it has been shown that application of BRs activates antioxidative pathways, including ROS-scavenging systems, as well as, non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as osmolytes like proline, glycine betaine, sorbitol, mannitol, and reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid that are needed for osmotic adjustment, stabilization of membranes, and ROS-scavenging (Fariduddin et al 2014). However, it is still unclear whether BRs, directly or indirectly, modulate the responses of plants to oxidative stress.…”

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INCREASING THE SALT RESISTANCE OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. PLANTS BY BRASSINOUSTEROIDS AS DEPENDENT FROM THE EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

“…Весьма существенно, что брассиностероиды увеличивают устойчивость ряда растений к неблагоприятным температурам, высокому содержанию в почве тяжелых металлов, избыточному засолению и др. [Ефимова и др., 2014;Fariduddin et al, 2014]. Вместе с тем, механизмы стресс-протекторного, в том числе, и солезащитного действия стероидных фитогормонов в настоящее время изучены недостаточно.…”

“…Вместе с тем, механизмы стресс-протекторного, в том числе, и солезащитного действия стероидных фитогормонов в настоящее время изучены недостаточно. Кроме того, защитный эффект гормонов обычно оценивают при его совместном действии с повреждающим фактором [Fariduddin et al, 2014;Siddiqui et al, 2018]. Имеются немногочисленные работы, в которых предпринимаются попытки более фундаментального подхода при изучении гормональной регуляции физиологических процессов при стрессе у растений [Ефимова и др., 2016, 2018a; Кузнецов и др., 2016].…”