Breaking of a cationic amine oil-in-water emulsion by pH increasing: Rheological monitoring to modelize asphalt emulsion rupture

The interfacial properties for surfactants at the supercritical CO2-water (C-W) interface at temperatures above 80°C have very rarely been reported given limitations in surfactant solubility and chemical stability. These limitations, along with the weak solvent strength of CO2, make it challenging to design surfactants that adsorb at the C-W interface, despite the interest in CO2-in-water (C/W) foams (also referred to as macroemulsions). Herein, we examine the thermodynamic, interfacial and rheological properties of the surfactant C12-14N(EO)2 in systems containing brine and/or supercritical CO2 at elevated temperatures and pressures. Because the surfactant is switchable from the nonionic state to the protonated cationic state as the pH is lowered over a wide range in temperature, it is readily soluble in brine in the cationic state below pH 5.5, even up to 120°C, and also in supercritical CO2 in the nonionic state. As a consequence of the affinity for both phases, the surfactant adsorption at the CO2-water interface was high, with an area of 207Å(2)/molecule. Remarkably, the surfactant lowered the interfacial tension (IFT) down to ∼5mN/m at 120°C and 3400 psia (23MPa), despite the low CO2 density of 0.48g/ml, indicating sufficient solvation of the surfactant tails. The phase behavior and interfacial properties of the surfactant in the cationic form were favorable for the formation and stabilization of bulk C/W foam at high temperature and high salinity. Additionally, in a 1.2 Darcy glass bead pack at 120°C, a very high foam apparent viscosity of 146 cP was observed at low interstitial velocities given the low degree of shear thinning. For a calcium carbonate pack, C/W foam was formed upon addition of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the feed brine to keep the pH below 4, by the common ion effect, in order to sufficiently protonate the surfactant. The ability to form C/W foams at high temperatures is of interest for a variety of applications in chemical synthesis, separations, materials science, and subsurface energy production.

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“…Finally, Mercado et al showed the evolution of emulsion type from O/W to W/O by increasing the pH for alkylamine surfactants. 63.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of a switchable ethoxylated amine surfactant at high temperature and effects on CO2-in-water foams

Chen

Elhag

Reddy

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Compared with the hot asphalt, emulsified asphalt can be applied at room temperature, has the advantages of better adhesive ability with stone, low energy consumption and less environmental pollution. It is widely used in highway and waterproof materials [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier

et al. 2019

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A new cationic asphalt emulsifier of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(N',N'-dimethyl amido)-2-hydroxy propyl)- coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was synthesized by two steps reaction of coconut oil acyl propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO), epoxy chloropropane and dimethylamine. The chemical structure of the key intermediate of N,N-dimethyl-N-(ethylene oxide-2-methylene)-coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The optimum reaction condition of first step was obtained by single factor analysis: reaction time 5 h, reaction temperature 50 °C, feedstock mole ratio of epoxy chloropropane to PKO 1.05. The reaction yield is 82.15% and the epoxy value is 40.39% at the optimum conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the asphalt emulsifier is 7.80×10-2 mol/L. The surface tension at CMC is 24.57 mN/m. The emulsifier showed excellent emulsification effect for the asphalt. The prepared bituminous emulsion had higher storage stability. The emulsifier belongs to medium-set asphalt emulsifier.

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“…Asphalt has many good properties such as excellent adhesion properties, water resistance and aging resistance. It is widely used in waterproofing materials, road repair materials, sealing materials, etc [1][2]. Currently, there are three main forms of asphalt applying: hot asphalt, bituminous emulsion, diluted asphalt [3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A symmetrical Gemini cationic asphalt emulsifier was synthesized by two steps reaction of coconut oil acyl propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO), epoxy chloropropane and hydrochloric acid in this paper. The structure of the emulsifier was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The emulsifier has satisfactory emulsification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Gemini Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier

Ma¹,

Shi²,

Yu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017)

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Abstract.A symmetrical Gemini cationic asphalt emulsifier of 1,3-bis(3'-coconut oil amide propyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride)-2-hydroxy propane was synthesized by two steps reaction of coconut oil acyl propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO), epoxy chloropropane and hydrochloric acid. The structure of the product was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The optimum reaction condition was obtained by single factor analysis: reaction time 6h, reaction temperature 80℃, feedstock mole ratio of epoxy chloropropane to PKO 0.5. The reaction yield was 54.01% at the optimum reaction conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the asphalt emulsifier is 3.65×10 -2 mol/L. The surface tension at CMC is 27.43mN/m. The emulsifier showed excellent emulsification effect for the asphalt. The prepared bituminous emulsion had higher storage stability. The emulsifier belongs to rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.

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Breaking of a cationic amine oil-in-water emulsion by pH increasing: Rheological monitoring to modelize asphalt emulsion rupture

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of a switchable ethoxylated amine surfactant at high temperature and effects on CO2-in-water foams

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of a switchable ethoxylated amine surfactant at high temperature and effects on CO2-in-water foams

The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier

The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Gemini Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier

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