Breaking the Immune Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment Using Single-Cell Technologies

Caligola, Simone; Sanctis, Francesco De; Canè, Stefania; Ugel, Stefano

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.867880

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…Last-generation technologies (such as sc-RNA-seq and CYTOF) dramatically improved our current understanding of myeloid cell ontogeny and functional polarisation in cancer [ 61 , 62 ] and other pathologies. To solve the myeloid-cell puzzle, Sanin and colleagues established a predictive macrophage activation model across 12 tissues and 25 biological conditions, in mice, and identified shared and unique functional pathways [ 63 ].…”

Section: Myeloid Cells In Tumour Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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Tumour microenvironment is a complex ecosystem in which myeloid cells are the most abundant immune elements. This cell compartment is composed by different cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes but also unexpected cell populations with immunosuppressive and pro-tumour roles. Indeed, the release of tumour-derived factors influences physiological haematopoiesis producing unconventional cells with immunosuppressive and tolerogenic functions such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These pro-tumour myeloid cell populations not only support immune escape directly but also assist tumour invasion trough non-immunological activities. It is therefore not surprising that these cell subsets considerably impact in tumour progression and cancer therapy resistance, including immunotherapy, and are being investigated as potential targets for developing a new era of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss emerging strategies able to modulate the functional activity of these tumour-supporting myeloid cells subverting their accumulation, recruitment, survival, and functions. These innovative approaches will help develop innovative, or improve existing, cancer treatments.

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Section: Myeloid Cells In Tumour Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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“…Other consequences of such crosstalk are reflected in tumor growth maintenance, metastasis formation, deficient immunotherapeutic response and multi-drug resistance ( 32 – 35 ). Although single cell transcriptome analyses have been extensively used to study the relationship between TME and immunotherapy response, it remains unclear how cancer cells and host tissues differentially influence the immune composition within TME ( 36 – 38 ). Moreover, there is a lack of effective predictive biomarkers, making it difficult to accurately grasp the effect of immunotherapy ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Tumour Immune Microenvironment Reshapes the Current Transcri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering colorectal cancer immune microenvironment transcriptional landscape on single cell resolution – A role for immunotherapy

2022

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Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a novel high-throughput technique that enables the investigation of a single cell’s entire transcriptome. It elucidates intricate cellular networks and generates indices that will eventually enable the development of more targeted and personalized medications. The importance of scRNA-seq has been highlighted in complex biological systems such as cancer and the immune system, which exhibit significant cellular heterogeneity. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Chemotherapy continues to be used to treat these patients. However, 5-FU has been utilized in chemotherapy regimens with oxaliplatin and irinotecan since the 1960s and is still used today. Additionally, chemotherapy-resistant metastatic CRCs with poor prognoses have been treated with immunotherapy employing monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines. Personalized immunotherapy employing tumor-specific neoantigens allows for treating each patient as a distinct group. Sequencing and multi-omics approaches have helped us identify patients more precisely in the last decade. The introduction of modern methods and neoantigen-based immunotherapy may usher in a new era in treating CRC. The unmet goal is to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to CRC pathogenesis and resistance to treatment, identify novel therapeutic targets, and make more stratified and informed treatment decisions using single cell approaches. This review summarizes current scRNA-seq utilization in CRC research, examining its potential utility in the development of precision immunotherapy for CRC.

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“… 15 Several radiographic response criteria have since been developed that incorporate these response patterns, allowing for more accurate assessments of the clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. 15 In addition, researchers have made rapid progress in understanding tumor heterogeneity and immune escape through new technologies such as single-cell sequencing 16 17 and spatial transcriptomics, 18–20 among others. These studies provided insights leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse spatial composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to more refined genotypic and phenotypic characterization of distinct classes of immune cells and their activated and/or suppressed states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) strategic vision

Emens,

Romero,

Anderson

et al. 2024

J Immunother Cancer

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Cancer immunotherapy has flourished over the last 10–15 years, transforming the practice of oncology and providing long-term clinical benefit to some patients. During this time, three distinct classes of immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies specific for two targets, and two distinct classes of bispecific T cell engagers, a vaccine, and an oncolytic virus have joined cytokines as a standard of cancer care. At the same time, scientific progress has delivered vast amounts of new knowledge. For example, advances in technologies such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have provided deep insights into the immunobiology of the tumor microenvironment. With this rapid clinical and scientific progress, the field of cancer immunotherapy is currently at a critical inflection point, with potential for exponential growth over the next decade. Recognizing this, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer convened a diverse group of experts in cancer immunotherapy representing academia, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, patient advocacy, and the regulatory community to identify current opportunities and challenges with the goal of prioritizing areas with the highest potential for clinical impact. The consensus group identified seven high-priority areas of current opportunity for the field: mechanisms of antitumor activity and toxicity; mechanisms of drug resistance; biomarkers and biospecimens; unique aspects of novel therapeutics; host and environmental interactions; premalignant immunity, immune interception, and immunoprevention; and clinical trial design, endpoints, and conduct. Additionally, potential roadblocks to progress were discussed, and several topics were identified as cross-cutting tools for optimization, each with potential to impact multiple scientific priority areas. These cross-cutting tools include preclinical models, data curation and sharing, biopsies and biospecimens, diversification of funding sources, definitions and standards, and patient engagement. Finally, three key guiding principles were identified that will both optimize and maximize progress in the field. These include engaging the patient community; cultivating diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility; and leveraging the power of artificial intelligence to accelerate progress. Here, we present the outcomes of these discussions as a strategic vision to galvanize the field for the next decade of exponential progress in cancer immunotherapy.

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Breaking the Immune Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment Using Single-Cell Technologies

Cited by 5 publications

References 254 publications

Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy

Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy

Deciphering colorectal cancer immune microenvironment transcriptional landscape on single cell resolution – A role for immunotherapy

Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) strategic vision

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