Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Individuals Primed with Heterologous Vaccines Enhances Inhibition Performance of Neutralizing Antibody to BA.2 Parental Lineage

Szekely, Jidapa; Swangphon, Piyawut; Nanakorn, Natthaphon; Chaimuti, Panuttha; Nualnoi, Teerapat; Wongwitwichot, Paweena; Somapa, Namchoke; Somapa, Denpong; Pengsakul, Theerakamol

doi:10.3390/vaccines11071230

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, this was particularly significant, as it correlated with neutralization against infection, especially the Omicron variant, and reduced disease severity [21,22]. Previous studies that corroborated this phenomenon reported that breakthrough infection improved a broad neutralization of emergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants [23,24]. In this study, a comparison between HCW and NHCW did not reveal any statistically significant differences across the observed durations, including periods over a year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Real-World Study: Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Antibody Levels and Persistency Lasting More than One Year

Kanokudom,

Chansaenroj,

Assawakosri

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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This study investigated the impact of hybrid immunity on antibody responses in the participants who received two to seven doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The study was conducted between April and June 2023. Out of 771 serum samples analyzed, 71.7% exhibited hybrid immunity (positive for total anti-N Ig), while 28.3% showed vaccine-induced immunity (negative for total anti-N Ig). Participants were categorized based on the number of vaccine doses: 2, 3, 4, and ≥5. The findings highlight a trend where a higher number of vaccine doses received was associated with a lower infection rate. There was no significant difference in total RBD Ig levels between those who received 3, 4, or ≥5 doses in both the hybrid immunity and vaccination alone groups across all observed durations as follows: <6 months, 6 to <9 months, 9 to <12 months, and ≥12 months. Hybrid immunity consistently maintained higher total RBD Ig levels and durability compared to vaccination alone, with estimated half-lives (T1/2) of 189.5 days versus 106.8 days for vaccine alone. This investigation underscored the potential benefit of hybrid immunity and raised questions about the optimal strategies for further vaccine dosing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Real-World Study: Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Antibody Levels and Persistency Lasting More than One Year

Kanokudom,

Chansaenroj,

Assawakosri

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…Аналогичные результаты получены и при исследовании числа активных Т-клеток, реагирующих В целом, исследование подтверждает достаточную продолжительность сформированного гуморального и клеточного иммунитета после ревакцинации против COVID-19 и подчеркивает важность руса SARS-CoV-2, является актуальным вопросом в свете продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19 [12]. В настоящей работе изучали иммунный статус пациентов через 18 и 24 мес.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination

Drapkina,

Chashchin,

Berns

et al. 2023

Cardiovasc Ther Prev

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The effectiveness of humoral and cell-mediated immunity as a result of primary vaccination for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the effectiveness of revaccination, is an important research problem. Studying and selecting optimal revaccination regimens will allow for long-term protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Aim. To study the severity of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in various (homo- and heterologous) SARS-CoV-2 revaccination regimens as part of a prospective observational study 18 and 24 months after primary vaccination.Material and methods. The study was carried out within the prospective registry SATURN, which included individuals who received various SARS-CoV-2 revaccination (homo- and heterologous regimens) based on a combination of two following vaccines: Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac. Depending on the chosen regimen, 3 following groups were formed: group I (n=106) — participants with a homologous Gam- COVID-Vac regimen at each stage of vaccination and revaccination; group II (n=54) — participants with a heterologous regimen of sequential administration of Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac at the stage of vaccination and revaccination; group III (n=40) — participants with a homologous CoviVac regimen at the stage of vaccination and revaccination. At the first visit, all participants underwent a medical history collection, examination, and identification of potential contraindications to vaccination. At each subsequent visit, the level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies was additionally determined. At visits 1, 3 and 5, the activity of specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes to the surface and nuclear antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. The IgG concentration was analyzed using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG reagent kit, while T-cell immunity was assessed using the T-Spot.COVID test system (Oxford Immunotec). Visit 1 corresponded to the 1st stage of primary vaccination, visit 2 — 2nd stage of primary vaccination, visit 3 (12 months after visit 1) — 1st stage of revaccination, visit 3 (21 days after visit 3) — 2nd stage of revaccination, visit 5 –18 months after primary vaccination, visit 6 — 24 months after primary vaccination.Results. The average level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies in group I at visit 3 was 520 [478; 540] BAU/ml, in group II — 499 [199,5; 540] BAU/ml and in group III — 456 [389; 509,5] BAU/ml. The values were comparable to those obtained at visit 6. However, in group II, IgG level at visit 5 was significantly higher compared to visit 6 (p=0,001). The greatest decrease by visit 5 in the number of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike stimulation was recorded in group III (5,00 [0,50; 11,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 5,50]; relative changes -80,0%; p=0,067). Also, among patients in group III, there was a significant decrease in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (10,00 [3,00; 22,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 11,50]; relative changes -90,0%; p=0,0160). Participants in groups I and II demonstrated stable results on visit 5, relative to visit 3. In all studied groups, no significant relationship was found between IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide and the number of active T cells. Strong positive relationships were found between the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation and the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid stimulation: group I (ρ=0,807; p<0,001), group II (ρ=0,748; p<0,001) and group III (ρ=0,902; p<0,001).Conclusion. The use of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrates relatively stable level of both humoral and cell-mediated 18 and 24 months after the first stage of vaccination. Revaccination with a homologous regimen (CoviVac at both stages) ensured stable level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide IgG antibodies. However, this regimen was characterized by a significant decrease in the long-term period in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 surface and nuclear antigen.

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“…Currently-circulating omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant and its derivatives led to soaring rates of breakthrough infections due to the high density of mutations in the spike protein facilitating immune escape [15][16][17] . We and others have previously shown that vaccinated individuals with omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection show superior plasma neutralization capacity against the omicron variant [18][19][20][21] . It is however unclear whether this is merely due to the boosting of vaccine-induced broadly-specific neutralizing antibodies or also due to the naïve B cell priming and production of antibodies targeting mutated neutralizing epitopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Pusnik,

Zorn,

Monzon-Posadas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Several studies have suggested the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by original immune challenge without addressing the formation of the de novo response to successive antigen exposures. As this is crucial for the development of the original antigenic sin, we assessed the immune response against the mutated epitopes of omicron SARS-CoV-2 after vaccine breakthrough. Our data demonstrated a robust humoral response in thrice-vaccinated individuals following omicron breakthrough which was a recall of vaccine-induced memory. The humoral and memory B cell responses against the altered regions of the omicron surface proteins were impaired. The T cell responses to mutated epitopes of the omicron spike protein were present due to the high cross-reactivity of vaccine-induced T cells rather than the formation of a de novo response. Our findings, therefore, underpin the speculation that the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by vaccination may lead to the development of original antigenic sin if future variants overcome the vaccine-induced immunity.

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Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Individuals Primed with Heterologous Vaccines Enhances Inhibition Performance of Neutralizing Antibody to BA.2 Parental Lineage

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Real-World Study: Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Antibody Levels and Persistency Lasting More than One Year

Real-World Study: Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Antibody Levels and Persistency Lasting More than One Year

Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

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