Breastfeeding as a Tool that Empowers Infant Immunity through Maternal Vaccination

Alasil, Saad Musbah

doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000271

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…20,38 Whether lower milk IgA in IBD mothers compromises intestinal immunity of their offspring warrants further investigations. Although other larger antibodies, such as IgG [160 kDa] and IgE [196 kDa], can be transferred to the neonate via breast milk and exhibit important immunological roles in newborns, 39,40 we did not detect any significant difference in their levels between IBD and healthy mothers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn

Meng

Dunsmore

Koleva

et al. 2018

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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Background and Aims: For women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], it is not very well known how IBD or IBD treatment affects their breast milk components. We aimed to investigate whether breast milk composition differs in healthy control [HC] versus IBD mothers in terms of antibodies, cytokines, and metabolite,s to identify potential impact of IBD breast milk on neonatal immune system. Methods: Breast milk specimens from HC [n = 17] and IBD [n = 31 for Crohn's disease [CD]; and n = 41 for ulcerative colitis [UC]; were collected at 3 and 6 months postpartum [PP3] and [PP6], respectively. Faecal samples were also collected. Cytokines and immunoglobulins [IgA/IgG/IgE] were analysed by multiplex Meso Scale Discovery [MSD] and commercial kits. Moreover, breast milk metabolites were analysed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]. Results: We found that breast milk from IBD mothers showed significantly lower levels of IgA, sugar metabolite [lactose], and 2-aminobutyrate. In contrast, we observed that breast milk from mothers with IBD had increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher energy metabolites [lactate and succinate] than milk from healthy mothers. In addition, we noticed that the type of treatment [5-aminosalicylic acid versus biologics] influenced the milk cytokines and metabolites profile. Conclusions: The reduction in immunoprotective components of IBD breast milk such as sIgA and lactose theoretically may modulate the potential protective effects of breastfeeding. On the other hand, presence of higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lactate, and succinate may predispose the offspring to an inflammatory condition or impact on the gut microbiome. Better understanding of the role of succinate in infants and its potential effects on microbiome or mucosal immunity merits further investigations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn

Meng

Dunsmore

Koleva

et al. 2018

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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“…Because exclusive breast feeding and vaccination are strategies used to increase the immunity of children and prevent childhood infections. So, children who were not on Exclusive breast feeding and/ or unvaccinated will have weak immunity and increased probability of acquiring infections including pneumonia [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs' parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia in Eastern Africa Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance randomeffects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies. Result: A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of pneumonia in East Africa was 34% (95% CI; 23.80-44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.30-1.77; I 2 = 0.0%;P = 0.465), cook food in living room (AOR = 1.47;95% CI:1.16-1.79; I 2 = 0.0%;P = 0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR = 3.26; 95% CI:1.80-4.72; I 2 = 22.5%;P = 0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI:2.00-2.81; I 2 = 51.4%;P = 0.055), Child history of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI:1.68-3.56; I 2 = 11.7%; P = 0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia. Conclusion: The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

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Section: Non-exclusive Breast Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

Beletew¹,

Bimrew²,

Kasie³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Breastfeeding as a Tool that Empowers Infant Immunity through Maternal Vaccination

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn

The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn

Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

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