Breath biosensing: using electrochemical enzymatic sensors for detection of biomarkers in human breath

Gaffney, Erin M.; Lim, Koun

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2020.02.014

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this sense, all enzymatic assays are based on quantifying the consumption of a substrate or the production of a by-product in a given period of time [28]. Currently, a large number of enzymatic methods for the quantification of biomarkers have been developed [29][30][31]. The success of these platforms lies mainly in their relatively low cost, flexibility, and ability to be implemented for the simultaneous quantification of several biomarkers [32].…”

Section: Challenges In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics make them an ideal alternative for remote or hard-toreach places where setting up a conventional laboratory is not an affordable option [101]. Furthermore, as they are transportable and do not require high energy consumption, they can be easily transported and used at movable diagnostic points [30,102,103].…”

Section: Current Trends and Future Perspectives In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

2021

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Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.

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Section: Challenges In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Trends and Future Perspectives In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

2021

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“…The majority of current devices use semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) sensors to detect BrAce. This is due to the cheap manufacturing cost, portability, low energy input, and the wide range of evidence supporting their accuracy [ 26 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Many SMOs are available with sensitivity and specificity to acetone.…”

Section: Current Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

Alkedeh

Priefer

2021

Biosensors

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The ketogenic diet, while originally thought to treat epilepsy in children, is now used for weight loss due to increasing evidence indicating that fat is burned more rapidly when there is a low carbohydrate intake. This low carbohydrate intake can lead to elevated ketone levels in the blood and breath. Breath and blood ketones can be measured to gauge the level of ketosis and allow for adjustment of the diet to meet the user’s needs. Blood ketone levels have been historically used, but now breath acetone sensors are becoming more common due to less invasiveness and convenience. New technologies are being researched in the area of acetone sensors to capitalize on the rising popularity of the diet. Current breath acetone sensors come in the form of handheld breathalyzer devices. Technologies in development mostly consist of semiconductor metal oxides in different physio-chemical formations. These current devices and future technologies are investigated here with regard to utility and efficacy. Technologies currently in development do not have extensive testing of the selectivity of the sensors including the many compounds present in human breath. While some sensors have undergone human testing, the sample sizes are very small, and the testing was not extensive. Data regarding current devices is lacking and more research needs to be done to effectively evaluate current devices if they are to have a place as medical devices. Future technologies are very promising but are still in early development stages.

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“…[19][20][21][22] Moreover, different materials have been explored for the development of electrochemical sensors for VOC detection in breath. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Metal Organic Framework (MOF) is a unique porous compound, made of metal ions/cluster and coordinated to organic ligand/fragment which forms one-, two-, or threedimensional framework. MOFs have widely been explored in the past decade due to their exceptional ability for gas storage, catalysis, and drug delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZEUS (ZIF-based electrochemical ultrasensitive screening) device for isopentane analytics with focus on lung cancer diagnosis

et al. 2021

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Breath biosensing: using electrochemical enzymatic sensors for detection of biomarkers in human breath

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

ZEUS (ZIF-based electrochemical ultrasensitive screening) device for isopentane analytics with focus on lung cancer diagnosis

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