Breed Variations in the Incidence of Pyometra and Mammary Tumours in Swedish Dogs

Jitpean, Supranee; Hagman, Ragnvi; Holst, Bodil Ström; Höglund, Odd Viking; Pettersson, Ann; Egenvall, Agneta

doi:10.1111/rda.12103

Cited by 89 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the possibly increased risk of offspring developing pyometra should be considered because large breed variations in the incidence of pyometra have been shown, which indicates that there may be genetic factors predisposing for the disease [1]. The owners should also be informed that the risk of recurrence is higher for a bitch that is 5 years or older than a younger bitch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A retrospective study of bitches with pyometra, medically treated with aglepristone

2014

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Pyometra is a common and life-threatening disease of intact bitches caused by hormonal influence of the uterus in combination with bacterial infection. The treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, but several purely medical options are available. Common drugs used for medical treatment in combination with antimicrobials are progesterone receptor blockers, prostaglandins, and dopamine agonists. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term recovery and fertility after treatment with the progesterone receptor blocker aglepristone in bitches with pyometra. Data from 28 bitches with pyometra, admitted to the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, during a 9-year period, were studied retrospectively and followed up by telephone interviews with the owners. The bitches had been treated with aglepristone at a dose of 10 mg/kg on a median of four occasions. All bitches had also been treated with antimicrobial drugs for a mean duration of 23 days, the most frequently used being enrofloxacin. Escherichia coli were the most commonly isolated bacteria from cranial vagina. The outcome was assessed for up to 6 years after treatment. The success rate, determined as restored clinically healthy status, was 75% (21/28 bitches), and the recurrence rate of disease was 48% (10/21 bitches). The mean time until recurrence was 10.5 months after the end of treatment. After treatment, 69% (9/13) of the mated bitches produced puppies. Of the seven bitches that did not have a successful treatment, six were ovariohysterectomized and one was euthanized. In conclusion, medical treatment with aglepristone in combination with antimicrobial therapy was successful in 75% of the bitches studied and the recurrence rate was 48%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On average, 19% of all insured Swedish bitches are diagnosed with pyometra before the age of 10 years [1]. In Sweden, the dog population is mainly intact [2], which is why pyometra is a frequent disorder in comparison to the situation in countries where most bitches are spayed [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of bitches with pyometra, medically treated with aglepristone

2014

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“…A retrospective study carried out in Japan has found that the incidence of MMT was lower in small breeds than in others (Itoh et al, 2005). A recent study performed in Sweden has observed that the breeds most frequently diagnosed with this disease were the Leonberger, Irish wolfhound, Doberman, Welsh terrier, and English springer spaniel (Jitpean et al, 2012). In Argentina, the English Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese and German shepherd have been reported as the breeds most frequently diagnosed with mammary tumors (Benavente et al, 2013, Argentina, personal communication).…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Mammary Tumors: Risk Factors, Prognosis and Treatments

2016

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Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasm in the female dog, with a median age of appearance between 9 and 11 years. They may appear as single or multiple nodules, and posterior mammary glands are more frequently affected than anterior glands. Both benign and malignant tumors may occur in the dog, and according to histological criteria, approximately 50% of the tumors are malignant. Mammary gland tumors tend to be heterogeneous in their pathological characteristics and clinical behavior. Different hormones and growth factors play a key role in the development of this neoplasm, however, the mechanism by which they influence tumor growth and their possible prognostic value are still under study. Besides, new therapeutic options for each particular tumor type are being developed. The aim of this article is to review pathological, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of canine mammary neoplasms.

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“…One of the most frequent reproductive organ disorders in female dogs is pyometra, which affects on average nearly 20% of all intact bitches before 10 years of age [1]. The disease is associated with inflammation and infection of the uterus leading to generalized illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed cervix is associated with more severe illness in dogs with pyometra

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPyometra, a life-threatening bacterial infection of the uterus, is classified as open or closed depending on the functional patency of the cervix i.e. presence or absence of vaginal discharge. In closed cervix pyometra, pus and bacterial products accumulate in the uterus, which is thought to induce a more severe illness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether disease severity or outcome differed in dogs with open or closed cervix pyometra.ResultsProspectively collected data from 111 female dogs diagnosed with pyometra at the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, intermittently during 2005–2012 was analyzed. Seventy-two dogs (65%) had open cervix, whereas 39 dogs (35%) had closed cervix. Differences between the two groups were explored by Wilcoxon Two Sample Test for continuous variables and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant.In dogs with open cervix the median age was 9.0 years and the median weight 26.0 kg. In dogs with closed cervix the median age was 9.6 years and the median weight 25.0 kg, with no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.69 and 0.24, respectively). Five dogs (4.5%) died, all with open cervix, and 16 dogs (14%) had complications.The general physical condition was moderately or severely depressed in 30% (21/71) of dogs with open cervix (severely depressed in 4 dogs, moderately depressed in 17 dogs) and in 56% (22/39) of dogs with closed cervix (severely depressed in 3 dogs, moderately depressed in 19 dogs). The general physical condition was mildly depressed in 41 dogs with open cervix and 16 dogs with closed cervix, whereas it was normal in nine dogs with open cervix and one dog with closed cervix. None of the included dogs had very severely depressed general physical condition or were non-responsive.Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis and moderately to severely depressed general condition was more commonly found in dogs with closed cervix (p = 0.003, p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = 0.006, respectively).Sepsis was more commonly present in closed cervix pyometra (77%, 30/39 dogs) compared to open cervix pyometra (51%, 36/71 dogs) (p = 0.007). Presence of prolonged postoperative hospitalization did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsIn dogs with closed cervix, sepsis was more common, the general physical condition more often moderately to severely depressed and leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis more frequently found. The results showed that closed cervix was associated with a more severe illness than open cervix at admission but not with poorer outcome as measured by postoperative hospitalization. These findings may be clinically valuable for optimizing monitoring and treatments in dogs with the disease.

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Breed Variations in the Incidence of Pyometra and Mammary Tumours in Swedish Dogs

Cited by 89 publications

References 8 publications

A retrospective study of bitches with pyometra, medically treated with aglepristone

A retrospective study of bitches with pyometra, medically treated with aglepristone

Canine Mammary Tumors: Risk Factors, Prognosis and Treatments

Closed cervix is associated with more severe illness in dogs with pyometra

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