Bridges in a changing climate: a study of the potential impacts of climate change on bridges and their possible adaptations

Nasr, Amro; Kjellström, Erik; Björnsson, Ívar; Honfí, Dániel; Ivanov, Oskar Larsson; Johansson, Jonas

doi:10.1080/15732479.2019.1670215

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…on sediment-fluid properties' interaction [33][34][35]. Consequently, the following factors influence and result in uncertainty in the incipient motion results: (i) sediment particle composition (cohesive vs. non-cohesive, natural vs. plastic) [36] and shape (spherical vs. non-spherical, uniform vs. non-uniform grain size distribution) [37,38]; (ii) changes in temperature producing changes in fluid viscosity [39,40]; (iii) flow-depth effects and scale effects of turbulence [41]; and, (iv) presence of biological/biogeochemistry agents and biofilms [42,43]. From a practical point of view, the critical mean flow velocity (u c ) can be considered to establish whether sediment motion occurs or not.…”

Section: Sediment Particle Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Pizarro

Manfreda

Tubaldi

2020

Water

103

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Foundation scour is among the main causes of bridge collapse worldwide, resulting in significant direct and indirect losses. A vast amount of research has been carried out during the last decades on the physics and modelling of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive, and holistic literature review of the problem of scour at bridge foundations, with a focus on the following topics: (i) sediment particle motion; (ii) physical modelling and controlling dimensionless scour parameters; (iii) scour estimates encompassing empirical models, numerical frameworks, data-driven methods, and non-deterministic approaches; (iv) bridge scour monitoring including successful examples of case studies; (v) current approach for assessment and design of bridges against scour; and, (vi) research needs and future avenues.

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Section: Sediment Particle Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Pizarro

Manfreda

Tubaldi

2020

Water

103

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“…A prioritization method which can be used for this purpose is proposed in [123]. In this method, the following representation to describe climate change risk for bridges is adopted [4,123]:…”

Section: Stage 3: Analysis Of the Potential Climate Change Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes to the environment pose intricate challenges to a long-standing tradition of built infrastructure design, operation, and management practices. In addition to introducing additional risks or increasing existing ones (see, e.g., [2][3][4]) climate change renders some fundamental design concepts and assumptions invalid to a large extent, e.g., reliance on historical data, extreme value assumptions, and climate stationarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Conceptual Framework for Built Infrastructure Design in an Uncertain Climate: Challenges and Research Needs

et al. 2021

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The potential risks of climate change on the built environment involve large uncertainties. This poses an intricate problem to designers and challenges a long-standing tradition of built infrastructure design. More specifically, designers are faced with this challenging question: how to rationally account for climate change risks when designing a new asset? A framework that holistically addresses this difficult question is missing from the current literature. This study contributes to this gap by (1) proposing a conceptual framework for rationally considering the effects of climate change in the design of these assets and (2) identifying the challenges that need to be overcome to facilitate the transition, and further development, of the proposed framework into practice. First, a detailed overview of important infrastructure performance requirements that are relevant to the proposed framework is presented. The different stages of the proposed conceptual framework are then outlined. The proposed framework progresses in the following order: ranking the importance of the asset, identifying the potential climate change risks, analyzing these risks, selecting a design strategy, and finally evaluating the final design. Lastly, several challenges that impede the application of the proposed framework in practical settings are identified. The proposed conceptual framework and the identified challenges comprise a necessary steppingstone towards addressing this pressing issue and developing a more practically applicable framework for considering the risks of climate change in the design of built infrastructure assets.

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“…Furthermore, increasing global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and alterations to the frequency and severity of flooding events exacerbate the problem of local scour 8,9 . The projected flooding risk brought by climate change is expected to increase the rate of hydraulic bridge collapse [10][11][12] . In some regions of the U.S., 90% of existing bridges would be vulnerable to scour in the next 75 years 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric rod sensors for scour detection and vortex-induced vibration monitoring

Funderburk

Park

Netchaev

et al. 2021

Structural Health Monitoring

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As extreme events increase in frequency, flow-disrupting large-scale structures become ever more susceptible to collapse due to local scour effects. The objective of this study was to validate the functionality of passive, flow-excited scour sensors that can continue to operate during an extreme event. The scour sensors, or piezo-rods, feature continuous piezoelectric polymer strips embedded within and along the length of slender cylindrical rods, which could then be driven into the soil where scour is expected. When scour erodes away foundation material to reveal a portion of the piezo-rod, ambient fluid flow excitations would cause the piezoelectric element to output a voltage response corresponding to the dynamic bending strains of the sensor. The voltage response is dependent on both the structural dynamic properties of the sensor and the excitation fluid’s velocity. By monitoring both shedding frequency and flow velocity, the exposed length of the piezo-rod (or scour depth) can be calculated. Two series of experimental tests were conducted in this work: (1) the piezo-rod was driven into sediment around a mock pier to collect scour data, and (2) the piezo-rod was used to monitor its own structural response by collecting vortex-shedding frequency data in response to varied flow velocities to establish a velocity–frequency relationship. The results showed that the piezo-rod successfully captured structural vortex-shedding frequency comparable to state-of-practice testing. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed using the velocity–frequency relationship to increase the accuracy of voltage-based length prediction of the piezo-rod. Two-dimensional flow modeling was also performed for predicting localized velocities within a complex flow field. These velocities, in conjunction with the velocity–frequency relationship, were used to greatly improve length-predictive capabilities.

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Bridges in a changing climate: a study of the potential impacts of climate change on bridges and their possible adaptations

Abstract: View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Bridges in a changing climate: a study of the potential impacts of climate change on bridges and their possible adaptations

Cited by 70 publications

References 88 publications

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review

Towards a Conceptual Framework for Built Infrastructure Design in an Uncertain Climate: Challenges and Research Needs

Piezoelectric rod sensors for scour detection and vortex-induced vibration monitoring

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