“…Twenty studies (McBrien, 2011 ; Jessup-Anger and Aragones, 2013 ; Elliot et al, 2016a , b ; Li and Que, 2016 ; Taylor and Ali, 2017 ; Vardanyan et al, 2018 ; Zhang, 2018 ; Emery et al, 2020 ; Merchant et al, 2020 ; Porter and Porter, 2020 ; Conceição et al, 2021 ; Winer et al, 2021 ; Chkaif et al, 2022 ; Ngo et al, 2022a , b ; Tong et al, 2022 ; Xu and Tran, 2022 ; Marangell, 2023 ; Rokita-Jaśkow et al, 2023 ) are based on the early version, that is, the EST model, although some of them cite Bronfenbrenner's later work and use the term “bioecological.” Three sub-categories can be identified: partial adoption, full adoption, and extended adoption of EST.…”