Brief, Noninjurious Electric Waveform for Stimulation of the Brain

Lilly, John C.; Hughes, John R.; Alvord, Ellsworth C.; Galkin, Thelma W.

doi:10.1126/science.121.3144.468

Cited by 267 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Electrolysis, which starts to play a role when electrode voltages exceed about one volt directly damages electrodes, and is also harmful to cells. (This harm can be much reduced by employing charge-balanced stimuli, making such stimuli preferable for long-term or in-vivo work when large voltages cannot be avoided (Lilly et al, 1955;Shepherd et al, 1991).) A secondary constraint can be the width of stimulus pulses: Since recording is generally impossible for the duration of the stimulus pulse, short pulses are often desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective parameters for stimulation of dissociated cultures using multi-electrode arrays

Wagenaar

Pine

Potter

2004

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

274

246

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Electrical stimulation through multi-electrode arrays is used to evoke activity in dissociated cultures of cortical neurons. We study the efficacies of a variety of pulse shapes under voltage-as well as current-control, and determine useful parameter ranges that optimize efficacy while preventing damage through electrochemistry. For any pulse shape, stimulation is found to be mediated by negative currents. We find that positive-then-negative biphasic voltage-controlled pulses are more effective than any of the other pulse shapes tested, when compared at the same peak voltage. These results suggest that voltage-control, with its inherent control over limiting electrochemistry, may be advantageous in a wide variety of stimulation scenarios, possibly extending to in-vivo experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective parameters for stimulation of dissociated cultures using multi-electrode arrays

Wagenaar

Pine

Potter

2004

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

274

246

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“…More elaborate waveforms. such as the biphasic pulse-pair advocated by Lilly (1955). require more elaborate circuitry.…”

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confidence: 99%

An inexpensive integrated circuit intracranial stimulator

Fridlund

Leberer

1976

Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

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“…This strategy involves sequencing the stimulation waveforms between the different channels such that only one is active at any given time. Furthermore, we have chosen to implement an asymmetric (but charge-balanced biphasic) waveform profile [7], to match natural neurophysiological response, thus reducing fatigue of neural tissue. The top-level system organisation for the stimulator block is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Stimulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural implant ASIC for the restoration of balance in individuals with vestibular dysfunction

Constandinou

Georgiou

Toumazou

2009

2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

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Abstract-This paper describes an ASIC developed as part of a neural prosthesis to restore balance to individuals with a dysfunctional vestibular end-organ. The device interfaces with inertia sensors; sensing acceleration in five degrees of freedom (three radial and two linear axis), and then conditions, processes and converts the signals to provide the artificial stimulus to the vestibulocochlear nerve. The IC described herein has been realised as part of a board-level solution, also including the sensors, power source and DC blocking capacitors. It is envisaged that this can be later implemented in a System-in-Package (SiP) form to provide a totally implantable solution. We describe the design and implementation of the integrated circuit in a standard 0.35μm CMOS technology.

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Brief, Noninjurious Electric Waveform for Stimulation of the Brain

Cited by 267 publications

References 5 publications

Effective parameters for stimulation of dissociated cultures using multi-electrode arrays

Effective parameters for stimulation of dissociated cultures using multi-electrode arrays

An inexpensive integrated circuit intracranial stimulator

A neural implant ASIC for the restoration of balance in individuals with vestibular dysfunction

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