Bright tin-lead alloy plating from gluconate baths.

Tin and Tin Alloys for Lead‐Free Solder

“…The latter is not fully recognized and less studied. Tin deposited from alkaline stannate solutions was reported to have a preferred orientation with (100) crystal planes whereas a (110) orientation was observed from an acid tin solution [118]. Zhang et al [119] also observed by X-ray measurement that the substrate texture could influence the texture of tin on top.…”