Brine removal technology methods, review paper

Abstract

An estimated 40% to 70% of the total water in desalination technologies is released as brine. In addition to high salinity concentrations, these liquid wastes contain different chemical components depending on the type and method of treatment. This brine causes a change in the marine environment due to its high ability to change the salinity, alkalinity and temperature of sea water, which affects the growth and size of aquatic life and disturbs marine diversity. There are several common methods for disposing of brine. These methods include sewer drainage, evaporation ponds, surface water drainage, deep well injection, and sprinkler irrigation. Evaporation and discharge methods into seawater are among the least expensive methods and are appropriate if appropriate conditions are available, such as a hot climate and spacious lands. The most efficient but most expensive method is zero liquid discharge. Whatever the method used, the main factor, in addition to the cost, is to reduce the environmental impact so that the discharge of brine waste does not cause a change in the marine environment or groundwater.