Bring the life stages into the domain of basic and clinical pharmacology

Abstract

Completely distinct physiological conditions and immune responses exist among different human life stages. Age is not always consistent with the life stage. We proposed to incorporate the concept of the life stages into basic and clinical pharmacology, including clinical trials, drug labels, and drug usage in clinical practice. Life-stage-based medical treatment is the application of medicine according to life stages such as prepuberty, reproductive, and aging. A large number of diseases are life-stage-dependent. Many medications and therapy have shown various age effects but not been recognized as life-stage-dependent. The same dosage and drug applications used in different life stages lead to divergent outcomes. Incorporating life stages in medicine and drug usage will enhance the efficacy and precision of the medication in disease treatment.

It is time to explore the impact of length of gestation and fetal health on the human lifespan

“…Working on the other life stages will most likely achieve the goal of increasing the lifespan of humans (Gu, 2022a ), yet many issues remain to be solved (Chen et al., 2022 ; Yao et al., 2022 ). For example, while estrogen is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, manipulating levels of estrogen and other relevant growth factors is a complex issue that should be based on individual characterization of the life stages (Kajantie, 2008 ; Wang et al., 2022 ; Yu et al., 2022 ).…”

Editorial: Model-informed drug development and precision dosing in clinical pharmacology practice

“…Clinical pharmacology is a discipline that studies the law of interaction between drugs and the human body, which based on pharmacology and clinical medicine expounds pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, the nature and mechanism of toxic and side reactions, and the law of drug interaction ( Giacomini and Huang, 2022 ; van der Graaf, 2022 ; Yao et al, 2022 ). The main tasks of clinical pharmacology are the clinical research and evaluation of new drugs, reevaluation of market drugs, clinical pharmacokinetic research, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and drug interaction research.…”