Broad-band traveling-wave modulator using a LiNbO<inf>3</inf>optical waveguide

Abstract

characterization of transfer efficiency in charge-coupled devices,"Abstract-A traveling-wave electrooptic phase modulator using a Tiin-diffused LiNb03 optical waveguide was designed and constructed with emphasis placed on broad-band operation. As a microwave waveguide, a coplanar parallel stripline of aluminum with characteristic impedance of 48 was fabricated on the crystal surface. The electrodes are 1.5 pm thick, 1 cm long, and 60 pm apart. The modulator was tested at 0.63 pm over a bandwidth of 75 GHz. For 250-mW drive power, the measured phase-modulation index was 1 rad up to about 3 GHz and reduced to 0.5 rad at 7.5 GHz. S

Polymer-Based Hybrid-Integrated Photonic Devices for Silicon On-Chip Modulation and Board-Level Optical Interconnects

“…5 (d-e), over the frequency range of 1-200GHz, the characteristic impedance varies within 49-54.5Ω and the microwave effective index varies within 1.54-1.7. The bandwidth-length product due to the velocity mismatch is calculated as [42][43][44][45] 1.9 mo c fL nn…”

Microwave Photonics—A Historical Perspective

“…In its simplest form, an analog photonic link consists of a modulator where an analog microwave signal is imposed on an optical carrier [24], [35] and a detector where the microwave signal is removed from the optical carrier. Fiber-optic links, which are lightweight, small, immune to interference, and almost lossless, were sought to replace waveguides and coaxial cables as a means to transmit microwave signals.…”

Photonic Millimeter-Wave Generation and Distribution Techniques for Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Wave Radio Interferometer Telescope

“…In the high-extinction ratio lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator (Izutsu et al (1977), Izutsu et al (1981), Kawanishi et al (2006), Kawanishi et al (2004a), Kawanishi et al (2004b), Kawanishi et al (2007), Onillon et al (2005), Vegas et al (2003)), the optical frequency difference between two optical signals is exactly twice (or four times) the modulation frequency, and the output signal is equivalent to FSK (frequency shift keying) spectrum. Compared to the optical phase lock scheme, the Mach-Zehnder modulator (shown in Fig.…”