Broadcast Seeding as a Potential Tool to Reestablish Native Species in Degraded Dry Forest Ecosystems in Hawaii

Brooks, Samuel; Cordell, Susan; Perry, Lyman

doi:10.3368/er.27.3.300

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Placing five seeds in each treatment results in much higher seed densities in exposed sites than would naturally occur away from tree crowns. This increased density, intended to simulate a hypothetical dispersal event by a frugivore, or a direct-seeding technique for restoration purposes (Brooks et al 2009), could contribute to unnaturally high predation levels, as rodents have demonstrated the ability to more easily locate larger versus smaller seed piles (Hammond 1995). None of the preceding explanations satisfactorily address why removal levels differed in locations for three trials, but not for the other two, so yet another factor may be responsible for the variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Could poor seed dispersal contribute to predation by introduced rodents in a Hawaiian dry forest?

Chimera

Drake

2010

Biol Invasions

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Dry forests are among the most diverse, yet threatened, communities in Hawai'i. Dry forests throughout the archipelago suffer from a lack of natural regeneration of trees. Two factors that may limit tree recruitment include poor seed dispersal and seed predation by rodents. Poor or limited dispersal of fleshy-fruited species results in seeds and fruits falling directly under parents. Dispersed and nondispersed seeds may differ in their vulnerability to predation. We tested effects of seed location (under/ away from parent trees) and pulp (presence/absence) on predation of four native species that suffer from limited dispersal and one readily-dispersed alien species in Kanaio Natural Area Reserve, Maui. Three natives (Diospyros sandwicensis, Pleomele auwahiensis, Santalum ellipticum), had significantly more seeds removed under parent trees than in exposed sites away from trees. For the one alien (Bocconia frutescens) and two native trees (D. sandwicensis, P. auwahiensis) that were evaluated, significantly more intact fruits were removed than were cleaned seeds. Presence of teeth marks and gnawed seed husk fragments indicate introduced rodents are destroying many of the seeds they remove. These results suggest that seed predation is disproportionately concentrated among poorly-dispersed seeds and may contribute to recruitment failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Could poor seed dispersal contribute to predation by introduced rodents in a Hawaiian dry forest?

Chimera

Drake

2010

Biol Invasions

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“…Esse conjunto de atributos, também chamado de capacidade competitiva, intrínsecos às espécies inibidoras tem sido apontado como a principal razão de alguns organismos ou populações serem capazes de deslocar outras no ambiente, garantindo maior captação dos recursos disponíveis (CABIN et al, 2002). Da mesma forma, há muito a presença dessas gramíneas em plantios comerciais de Eucalyptus e Pinus causa problemas devido à sua elevada agressividade e difícil controle, implicando em custos econômicos vultosos (TOLEDO et al, 1996;TOLEDO, 2002).…”

Section: Barreiras Ao Estabelecimento Das Espéciesunclassified

Barreiras Ao Estabelecimento Da Regeneração Natural Em Áreas De Pastagens Abandonadas

Fragoso¹,

Carpanezzi²,

Koehler³

et al. 2017

Ciênc. Florest.

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RESUMOA pressão exercida sobre as florestas tropicais devido à fragmentação de paisagens naturais tem causado alterações no padrão de substituição das espécies presentes na comunidade vegetal. No caso de pastagens abandonadas, verifica-se uma maior vulnerabilidade do ambiente à colonização por gramíneas exóticas invasoras, as quais representam uma barreira ao estabelecimento de plantas nativas, desde a dispersão e germinação das sementes, até estádios mais avançados do seu desenvolvimento. Em vista disso, propôs-se discorrer sobre alguns dos processos da regeneração natural em áreas de pastagens, abordando aspectos que impedem o recrutamento de espécies lenhosas desejáveis e, nesse contexto, a exposição de algumas metodologias embasadas no conceito de nucleação que podem auxiliar nesse processo. Por meio da compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na manutenção das comunidades vegetais, verifica-se que a germinação de sementes e o recrutamento de plântulas são passos cruciais do processo de restabelecimento da vegetação. Como apenas uma estreita faixa de condições é adequada (safe sites) ao recrutamento, o sucesso da regeneração está relacionado à capacidade do ambiente em proporcionar um leito adequado para germinação de sementes (seedbed). A utilização de metodologias que visem à regeneração natural, para serem eficazes em áreas de pastagens, devem ser bem estabelecidas tecnicamente e adequadas à realidade local, pois, embora apresentem resultados iniciais promissores, podem deixar de ser efetivas com o passar do tempo. Palavras-chave: gramíneas inibidoras; nucleação; sítio seguro; cama de sementes. ABSTRACTThe pressure on rainforests due to fragmentation of natural landscapes has caused changes in the substitution pattern of the species present in the plant community. In the case of abandoned pastures, there is an increased environmental vulnerability to colonization by invasive exotic grasses, which represent a barrier to the establishment of native plants, since the dispersion and seed germination until the later stages of their development. We proposed to discuss some of the processes of natural regeneration in pastures, addressing issues that hinder the recruitment of desirable woody species and, in this context, the exposure of some methodologies based on the concept of nucleation that can help this process. Through understanding of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of plant communities, we observed that the seed germination and seedling recruitments are crucial steps in the process of vegetation restoration. Because only a narrow range

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“…In a P. Clandestinum-dominated dry forest system also on Hawaiˈi Island, for example, Brooks et al [19] had 3.4% germination in areas with both herbiciding and -broadcast‖ seeding, and about 0.5% germination for areas with herbiciding alone, seeding alone, or no treatment. Rates of germination can vary widely, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In areas where access is difficult, such as mountainous terrain, the much greater ease of transporting seeds may be critical [48,49]. Because it requires substantially less planting time than outplanting, direct seeding may also be applicable to much larger spatial areas [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some heavily modified systems may recover ecosystem structure with no assistance once active human disturbance has ceased [10], most efforts are impeded by such obstacles as: competition from non-native flora and fauna (including predation on seeds and seedlings) [11,12]; loss of ecosystem components (e.g., seed sources, seed dispersers, pollinators, specific plant species [13][14][15]); unfavorable physical conditions (e.g., light levels, edaphic characteristics, microclimate [16][17][18]); and high up-front financial costs [19,20]. Given these diverse challenges, aligning restoration approaches with successional processes is one approach to enhancing success [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Restoring Native Forest Understory: The Influence of Ferns and Light in a Hawaiian Experiment

Gould

Mooney

Nelson³

et al. 2013

Sustainability

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Ecological restoration is an increasingly important component of sustainable land management. We explore potential facilitative relationships for enhancing the costeffectiveness of restoring native forest understory, focusing on two factors: (1) overstory shade and (2) possible facilitation by a fern (Dryopteris wallichiana), one of few native colonists of pasture in our montane Hawaiˈi study system. We planted 720 understory tree seedlings and over 4000 seeds of six species under six planting treatments: a full factorial combination of low, medium and high light, situating plantings in either the presence or absence of a mature fern. After three years, 75% of outplanted seedlings survived. Seedling survivorship was significantly higher in the presence of a fern (79% vs. 71% without a fern) and in medium and low light conditions (81% vs. 64% in high light). Relative height was highest at low to medium light levels. After 2.2 years, 2.8% of the planted seeds germinated. We observed no significant differences in seed germination relative to light level or fern presence. Analyzing several approaches, we found nursery germination of seeds followed by outplanting ca. 20% less costly than direct seeding in the field. This study opens new questions about facilitation mechanisms that have the potential to increase the extent and effectiveness of restoration efforts.

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Broadcast Seeding as a Potential Tool to Reestablish Native Species in Degraded Dry Forest Ecosystems in Hawaii

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Could poor seed dispersal contribute to predation by introduced rodents in a Hawaiian dry forest?

Could poor seed dispersal contribute to predation by introduced rodents in a Hawaiian dry forest?

Barreiras Ao Estabelecimento Da Regeneração Natural Em Áreas De Pastagens Abandonadas

Restoring Native Forest Understory: The Influence of Ferns and Light in a Hawaiian Experiment

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