Broadening the Variability for Peanut Breeding with a Wild Species-Derived Induced Allotetraploid

Abstract

The use of wild species in peanut breeding provides remarkable opportunities for introducing new traits to the peanut crop and it has increased in recent years. Here, we report the morphological and agronomic, including disease resistance, variation observed in 87 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) that were derived from the wild ancestors of peanut and the cultivar Runner IAC-886. These lines exhibited a wide range of variation for these traits, with transgressive segregation and novel phenotypes being observed in many lines. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for agronomic and resistance traits were detected. Six RILs with contrasting phenotypes for agronomic traits and moderate resistance to leaf spots were genotyped. All of the lines had, on average, 50% wild alleles, with at least one large wild segment and multiple interspersed alleles in all of the chromosomes. Genetic exchange between subgenomes was observed. On four lines, the top of Chr 05/15, which is tetrasomic AAAA in A. hypogaea, has been restored to its AABB state by the introgression of A. ipaënsis alleles. We identified lines with good agronomic traits while harboring genome composition and structure completely different from each other and from the cultivated peanut. The variation that is observed for the fruit type is also important for a better comprehension of the domestication process in peanut. This increase in genetic diversity has great potential benefits for the peanut breeding programs.

Development and Genetic Characterization of Peanut Advanced Backcross Lines That Incorporate Root-Knot Nematode Resistance From Arachis stenosperma

“…For peanut breeding, diploid wild relatives comprise a diverse genetic pool that is being used to broaden peanut’s genetic base ( Stalker, 2017 ). Transferring wild beneficial alleles requires an additional step of developing peanut compatible wild-derived synthetic allotetraploids ( Suassuna et al, 2020 ). To incorporate root-knot nematode resistance from A. cardenasii , synthetic allotetraploids were successfully developed and used ( Simpson et al, 1993 ; Simpson and Starr, 2001 ).…”

Dynamics of Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Modern Peanut Cultivars

“…On the other hand, newer cultivars (e.g., IAC Runner, IAC 505 and IAC OL3) have the peak of growth rate and nutrient accumulation earlier, between 70 and 84 DAE. This information is relevant, because quantify of nutrient uptake and of accumulation during the phases of plant development allows for identifying the times at which elements are required most and their distribution in the different structures of the plant, favoring adequate fertilization management [11,14].…”

“…Information about nutrient uptake rates during the biological cycle of peanuts in Brazil was established through a series of research studies, mostly performed more than two decades ago [9] with old cultivars, which are no longer in the market and had low productive potential compared with new genetic materials. Among the four types of peanuts (Virginia, runner, Spanish, and Valencia), the runner cultivars are the main ones cultivated in the United States and Brazil, which are among the main producers in the world [14,15]. Recently, high oleic type cultivars have expanded their production area [16].…”

Anais Do Ii Congresso Norte-Nordeste De Ciências Agrárias (On-Line) - Resumo Simples E Expandido

“…Atualmente, a região Sudeste é responsável por cerca de 90% da produção, parte desta produção é exportada. Nos demais estados, a produção abastece o mercado regional de amendoim em casca ou as indústrias de alimentos locais (SUASSUNA et al, 2020).…”