Broccoli seed extract rich in polysaccharides and glucoraphanin ameliorates DSS‐induced colitis via intestinal barrier protection and gut microbiota modulation in mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND Broccoli has received widespread attention because of its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to explore the composition of broccoli seed extract (BSE) and its effect on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). RESULTS BSE mainly comprises glucoraphanin and polysaccharides composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose. Animal experiments suggested that BSE intervention effectively reversed body weight loss, suppressed the levels of proinflammatory interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β, and elevated the levels of anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in DSS‐induced colitis mice. According to histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of colon tissue, BSE intervention may repair the intestinal barrier by upregulating mRNA levels and the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin‐1, occludin and zonula occludens‐1). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis demonstrated that cecal short‐chain fatty acids in mice with BSE administration were significantly increased compared with the model group. Sulforaphane and sulforaphane‐N‐acetylcysteine were only detected in BSE group mice by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐MS analysis. In addition, BSE intervention evidently increased the abundance of Alistipeds, Coriobacteriaceae UCG‐002 and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Escheichia‐Shinella, Lachnospiraceae others, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae others and Turicibacter, which possibly promoted carbohydrate metabolism and short‐chain fatty acid production. CONCLUSION The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of BSE on colitis and found that BSE, as a novel food ingredient, has great potential for the improvement of colitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mannose enhances intestinal immune barrier function and dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice by regulating intestinal microbiota

“…Our study showed that mannose prevented a decrease in the tight junction protein expression induced by DSS administration, thereby alleviating colitis symptoms. This result was consistent with previous research results (2,(18)(19)(20). Relevant scholars have suggested that the therapeutic effect of mannose on DSS-induced colitis may be related to the regulation of macrophage polarization in the colon that may involve the release of TNF-a and pathological endoplasmic reticulum stress of intestinal epithelial cells (20).…”

Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Similar to the findings from in vitro studies, broccoli has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects against IBD in animal models ( Table 2 [ 48 , 99 , 102 , 105 , 107 , 111 , 112 , 116 , 118 , 122 , 125 , [127] , [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] ] and Figure 1 ). Both the UC and CD models use chemical triggers or genetic knockouts.…”

“…BSE exhibited prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tight junction benefits in DSS mice. BSE promoted beneficial bacteria, such as species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipeds, to increase SCFA production [ 131 ]. The BSE treatment decreased the oxidative concentration of malondialdehyde and increased the antioxidant concentrations of superoxide dismutase, and GSH inhibited inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β, IL6, and TNFɑ and increased anti-inflammatory IL10 [ 131 ].…”

Mitigation of Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice through Oral Administration of Microbiome-Derived Inosine and Its Underlying Mechanisms

“…The increasing amount of evidence suggests that the occurrence of colitis is associated with heredity, lifestyle, and the environment [15]. The long-term intake of some…”