Brominated flame retardants extraction from waste electrical and electronic equipment-derived ABS using supercritical carbon dioxide

Gripon, Layla.; Belyamani, Imane; Legros, B.; Seaudeau-Pirouley, Karine; Lafranche, E.; Cauret, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.020

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[ 14 ] Electronic equipment generates a large amount of electromagnetic radiation during operation, and thermal runaway caused by the long‐term operation of electronic equipment presents a fire risk. [ 15 ] If the human body is exposed to such an environment for a long time, serious health hazards may result. Therefore, the functional requirements of electromagnetic shielding and fire prevention are needed for wearable products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifunctional Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Multi‐Source Driven Thermal Management, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Fire Safety Performance, Inspired by a “Brick–Mortar” Sandwich Structure

Gong

Sheng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

217

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The rapid development of portable flexible electronic devices means a multifunctional composite film with excellent thermal management capability, high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and a strong fire safety performance is urgently required. In this paper, inspired by a "brick-mortar" sandwich structure, phase change capsules (PCCs) and MXene nanosheets are prepared. Subsequently, a one-step vacuum-assisted filtration method is used to fabricate a multifunctional flexible PCC/MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PMP) phase change composite film with high light-to-thermal conversion efficiency, Joule heating generation, fire safety, and EMI shielding effects. The superior preparation technology endows the film with multi-source driven thermal management capabilities and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness values (43.13 dB). In addition, the PMP film exhibits good flexibility and high enthalpy (136.8 J g −1 ). Surprisingly, the PMP film's excellent fire safety properties improve its reliability and safety. In summary, the simple preparation technique and outstanding overall performance of the PMP films provide broad application prospects in advanced thermal management and EMI shielding in wearable products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifunctional Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Multi‐Source Driven Thermal Management, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Fire Safety Performance, Inspired by a “Brick–Mortar” Sandwich Structure

Gong

Sheng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

217

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“…They underlined that despite the fact that the degree of removal was relatively low for the experimental conditions they applied, by adjusting other operation parameters, such as time, the extraction efficiency can be improved. Supercritical carbon dioxide has also been proposed for the extraction of BFRs from WEEE-derived ABS [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Bromine from Polymer Blends with a Composition Simulating That Found in Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment through a Facile and Environmentally Friendly Method

2023

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The increasing volume of plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) nowadays is of major concern since the various toxic compounds that are formed during their handling enhance the difficulties in recycling them. To overcome these problems, this work examines solvent extraction as a pretreatment method, prior to thermochemical recycling by pyrolysis. The aim is to remove bromine from some polymeric blends, with a composition that simulates WEEE, in the presence of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Various solvents—isopropanol, ethanol and butanol—as well as several extraction times, were investigated in order to find the optimal choice. Before and after the pretreatment, blends were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to estimate the total bromine content. Blends were pyrolyzed before and after the soxhlet extraction in order to evaluate the derived products. FTIR measurements of the polymeric blends before and after the soxhlet extraction showed that their structure was maintained. From the results obtained, it was indicated that the reduction of bromine was achieved in all cases tested and it was ~34% for blend I and ~46% and 42% for blend II when applying a 6 h soxhlet with isopropanol and ethanol, respectively. When using butanol bromine was completely eliminated, since the reduction reached almost 100%. The latter finding is of great importance, since the complete removal of bromine enables the recycling of pure plastics. Therefore, the main contribution of this work to the advancement of knowledge lies in the use of a solvent (i.e., butanol) which is environmentally friendly and with a high dissolving capacity in brominated compounds, which can be used in a pretreatment stage of plastic wastes before it is recycled by pyrolysis.

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“…1 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as a plastic, is widely used in electronics, furniture, and construction industries. 2,3 Because decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a flame retardant, of which a high volume is added in multifarious plastics, especially ABS plastics, combined contamination of DBDPE and ABS plastics is common in soil environments. 3,4 On account of the fragmentation and weathering, the application of plastics caused frequent microplastics (MPs, plastic particles with a diameter < 5 mm) in industrial land and farmland, resulting in tremendous public concern.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into Bioaccumulation of Decabromodiphenyl Ethane in Eisenia fetida Increased by Microplastics

Fu,

Tan,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The rise of electronics inevitably induced the co-pollution of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and microplastics (MPs). However, studies on how they interact to influence their bioavailability are scarce. Here, we explored the influence mechanism of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-MPs on the bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in soil-earthworm microcosms. The influence exhibited a temporal pattern characterized by short-term inhibition and long-term promotion. After 28 days of exposure, DBDPE bioaccumulation in a co-exposure (10 mg kg–1 DBDPE accompanied by 1000 mg kg–1 ABS-MPs) was 2.61 times higher than that in a separate exposure. The adsorption process in the soil, intestines, and mucus introduced DBDPE-carried MPs, which had a higher concentration of DBDPE than the surrounding soil and directly affected the bioavailability of DBDPE. MP-pre-exposure (100, 1000, and 10000 mg kg–1) reduced epidermal soundness, mucus secretion, and worm cast production. This eventually promoted the contact between earthworm and soil particles and enhanced the DBDPE of earthworm tissue by 6%–61% in the next DBDPE-postexposure period, confirming that MPs increased DBDPE bioaccumulation indirectly by impairing the earthworm health. This study indicates that MPs promoted DBDPE bioaccumulation via adsorption and self-toxicity, providing new insight into the combined risk of MPs and NBFRs.

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Brominated flame retardants extraction from waste electrical and electronic equipment-derived ABS using supercritical carbon dioxide

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

A Multifunctional Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Multi‐Source Driven Thermal Management, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Fire Safety Performance, Inspired by a “Brick–Mortar” Sandwich Structure

A Multifunctional Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Multi‐Source Driven Thermal Management, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Fire Safety Performance, Inspired by a “Brick–Mortar” Sandwich Structure

Removal of Bromine from Polymer Blends with a Composition Simulating That Found in Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment through a Facile and Environmentally Friendly Method

Insight into Bioaccumulation of Decabromodiphenyl Ethane in Eisenia fetida Increased by Microplastics

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