Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor: Case Report

Abstract

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are an uncommon group of lung tumors. The first report of BCT was by Laennac in 1831. They represent about 1% of all primary lung tumors and about 80% are centrally located, within the lobar and segmental bronchi. 1,2 BCTs were initially classified as benign tumors but now more appropriately classified as malignant tumors. They arise from the kulchitsky cells in the bronchial mucosa, more often in the cartilaginous portion of the tracheobronchial tree, covered by intact epithelium. They are highly vascular and may have a broad based or polypoid attachment. BCTs are capable of secreting biologically active substances. Over 80% of the tumors express somatostatin receptor subtype 2. The cause of BCTs is not proven and there is no strong association with smoking and environmental carcinogens. Familial BCTs have been reported with or without multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Leothela et al., 3 attributed BCTs to loss of heterogeneity in multiple chromosomes. The World Health Organization classifies BCTs into 2 groups. Typical BCTs are well differentiated with very low malignant potential, have less than 2 mitotic figures per 10high power field and no evidence of necrosis. Atypical BCT have more than 2-10 mitotic figures per 10 high power field and evidence of necrosis. Typical BCTs are about four times more common than atypical BCTs. We are reporting a case of typical bronchial carcinoid tumor since none has been reported before in the sub-region, to the best of our knowledge.

Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid: A Case Report and Brief Review

“…At many occasions, diagnosis is made more than a year after presentation and is more likely to be misdiagnosed as PTB. 7 Our patient was diagnosed in the recent past as diabetic with hypertensive, and she also complained of hot flushes during night which supported the carcinoid syndrome; however, biochemical investigation could not be carried out in the present case. The 24 hours urine measurement of elevated serotonin metabolite, 5-HIAA (5 hydroxy indole acetic acid of normal range 2-8 mg/24 hours) but is found in only 50% cases.…”

“…1 They also mimic other chronic lung diseases like tuberculosis and need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases with lung lesions and carcinoid symptoms. 7 The main symptoms in our case were a nonproductive persistent cough with breathlessness. The clinically respiratory examination was unremarkable.…”

Carcinoid syndrome caused by a pulmonary carcinoid mimics intestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis: A case report

“…The diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoids is often overlooked even in symptomatic patients due to low clinical suspicion and the various ways in which pulmonary carcinoids can present[ 8 , 9 ]. Apart from symptoms such as chest pain, atelectasis or pleural effusion, common pulmonary manifestations are hemoptysis, postobstructive pneumonitis, and dyspnea, especially in centrally located tumors, as in our case[ 1 ].…”