Bronchiectasis—Could Immunonutrition Have a Role to Play in Future Management?

Derbyshire, Emma; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.652410

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted October 30, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.28.23297715 doi: medRxiv preprint Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are often characterized by prolonged clinical episodes and, in some cases, excessive antibiotic exposure (14). In Uganda, Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, which are often highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMPS) (15).…”

Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant clinical pathogens in Uganda

Namusoosa,

Mugerwa,

Kasozi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundAntibiotic resistance (ABR) is silent global pandemic. Our current global control strategies are informed by evidence primarily from surveillance strategies. Here, we use a national surveillance dataset to demonstrate how such evidence can be systematically generated, in so doing we characterize ABR profiles of priority clinical pathogens and identify potential drivers in addition to inferences on antibiotic usage in Uganda.Resultsof the 12,262 samples cultured between 2019-2021, 9,033 with complete metadata were analyzed, Female patients accounted for 57.8% of the patients who were between 1 to 104 years. The isolated bacteria (69%) were clustered into twelve clinical pathogens and eight syndromes. This includedEscherichia coli26%(n=1620),Klebsiella spp.11% (n=685),Acinetobacter spp. 4%(n=250),Citrobacter spp. 4% (n=250),Pseudomonas spp. 3% (n=187), andEnterobacter spp. 2% (n=124), as well asSalmonella spp. 1% (n=62). Among gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus10% (n=623),Enterococcus spp. 8% (n=498), andStreptococcus spp. 2% (n=124) were predominant.Acinetobacter baumanniiwas predominantly multi drug resistant (MDR) and mostly recovered from septic wound infection (SWI).Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andStaphylococcus aureuswere also linked to ABR SWIs & urinary tract infections (UTIs). Male patients were more likely to carry ABR pathogens OR=1.14, 95% CI [1.12-1.42], p<0.001), within specific age groups (51-60, OR=1.16, 95% CI [0.88-1.28], p=0.001). Seasonality also influences ABR associated to clinical syndromes, for example, the second quarter, OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.9-2.6], p<0.001), is associated with resistance to narrow spectrum antibiotics OR=1,64, 95% CI [1.39-1.94], p<0.001) targeting respiratory tract infections (RTIs). ABR associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) were significantly more common than UTIs and RTIs.ConclusionsABR across clinical pathogens was increasing at a rate of 2.8% per year, with an upsurge in 2021. SWIs account for the disproportionately high prevalence of ABR and MDR mostly caused byAcinetobacter spp. Staphylococcus aureusincluding MRSA is main driver of BSIs. Male patients are far more likely to carry ABR in their adult life. Encouragingly, carbapenem resistance remains relatively low in-line with the predicted antibiotic use. Such evidence is critical for effective implementation and evaluation AMR National action plans, therefore national public health institutes (NPHIs) ought to invest in building capacity for surveillance and data analysis to support informed decision-making.

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Section: (Which Was Not Certified By Peer Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant clinical pathogens in Uganda

Namusoosa,

Mugerwa,

Kasozi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Despite the importance of underlying conditions in the development of bronchiectasis in young adults, a significant proportion of patients have idiopathic bronchiectasis. Thus, factors that contribute to bronchiectasis, including demographic factors such as nutritional status, require further exploration [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being Underweight Increases the Risk of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in the Young Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

et al. 2021

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Although body mass index (BMI) is a potential risk factor for bronchiectasis in young adults, the association between BMI and incident bronchiectasis has not been well elucidated. This study included 6,329,838 individuals aged 20–40 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database 2009–2012 who were followed up until the date of the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, death, or 31 December 2018. We evaluated the incidence and risk of bronchiectasis according to the BMI category. The incidence rate of bronchiectasis increased as BMI decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend <0.01). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, being underweight was an independent risk factor for the development of bronchiectasis, with a hazard ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.30) compared to being normal weight. In subgroup analysis, the effect of being underweight on the development of bronchiectasis was more evident in males and older individuals (30–40 years) than females and younger individuals (20–29 years), respectively (p for interaction <0.01 for both). These results remained significant in subgroup analysis in which subjects with comorbidities related to being underweight were excluded. Being underweight may be a novel risk factor for the development of bronchiectasis in young adults.

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Histoultrastructural Features of Thymocytes Due to the Impact of the Experimental General Dehydration of a Mild Degree

Prykhodko,

Avilova,

Dmytruk

et al. 2023

Wiad Lek

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The aim: The objective of the current study was to reveal ultrastructural changes in rats’ thymocytes in experimental data in conditions of mild general dehydration. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 20 non-linear adult male laboratory rats weighing 150-170 g. Histological and semi-thin slides of the thymus were prepared according to the required guidelines. Results: On average, in the cortical zone of the thymus, there was decreased cellularity by 13.4% (p<0.001), while in the medulla zone this indicator turned out to be unreliable - 5.5% (р=0.19), compared to the indicators in animals of the control group. The study showed that a slight degree of general dehydration of the body causes ultrastructural changes in the thymus and is accompanied by a cell-mediated response of the central link of immunogenesis and results in morphological changes in the thymus, which are atrophic in nature with a typical pattern of remodeling of the organ’s microstructure, which corresponds to cellular aging and the associated sign of accelerated involution. Conclusions: General dehydration of a mild degree in the experiment is accompanied by a cell-mediated response of the central link of immunogenesis and results in morphological changes in the thymus, which are atrophic in nature with a typical pattern of remodeling of the organ’s microstructure, which corresponds to cellular aging and the associated sign of accelerated involution.

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Bronchiectasis—Could Immunonutrition Have a Role to Play in Future Management?

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant clinical pathogens in Uganda

The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant clinical pathogens in Uganda

Being Underweight Increases the Risk of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in the Young Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Histoultrastructural Features of Thymocytes Due to the Impact of the Experimental General Dehydration of a Mild Degree

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