Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: incidence and severity in premature infants born at high altitude.

Abstract

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in children born prematurely. There is little information about the epidemiology and severity of BPD places with high altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of BPD severity levels and the associated risk factors with severity in a cohort of preterm newborns ≤34 weeks of gestational age born in Rionegro, Colombia Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective analytical cohort of preterm newborns without major malformations from Rionegro, Colombia between 2011-2018 admitted to neonatal intensive unit at high altitude (2200m above sea level). The main outcomes were the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Results: The bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence was 25.7% (95% CI, 21.6-29.9). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was moderate in 62.1% of patients and severe in 26.7%. After modeling regression analysis, the final variables associated with BPD severity levels were: sepsis (OR 2.37 CI 95% 1.04-5.40) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 3.79 CI95% 1.19-12). Conclusion: The incidence of BPD was higher and similar to cities with higher altitudes. In our population, the variables associated with BPD severity levels were: duration of oxygen therapy and pulmonary hypertension. It is necessary to increase the awareness of risk factors, the effect of clinical practices, and early recognition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to reduce morbidity in patients with this pathology.