Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process

Elsheikh, Yasir A.; Man, Zakaria; Bustam, Mohammad Azmi; Yusup, Suzana; Wilfred, Cecilia Devi

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2010.08.005

Cited by 98 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both of the molar ratios show a good conversion. However, the higher amount of ethanol, show a better FFA conversion [8,16,26]. Excess ethanol is required not only to shift the equilibrium toward and forward direction but also to wash away the active sites.…”

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratio Of Ethanol To Suco On the Esterificatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ( B M I M H S O 4 ) a n d 1 -m e t h y l -3 -methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (HMIMHSO4) are Brønsted acidic ILs with acidic counterion, which influence its catalytic performance in reactions. Both of the ILs prevails as the catalyst with a good catalytic activity in esterification [8,16]. Elsheikh et al [16] used different types of Brønsted imidazolium ILs as catalysts in biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of the ILs prevails as the catalyst with a good catalytic activity in esterification [8,16]. Elsheikh et al [16] used different types of Brønsted imidazolium ILs as catalysts in biodiesel production. They found that the higher acidity of BMIMHSO4 resulted in the highest conversion of crude palm oil (CPO) in a two-stage biodiesel process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

Roslan

Hasnan

Abdullah

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (HMIMHSO4) was self-synthesized and compared with the commercialized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4). HMIMHSO4 and BMIMHSO4 were characterized by 1 H NMR prior to use in the esterification reaction. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and variables such as types of alcohol, oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and types of stirring were investigated. The highest conversion for each catalyst was achieved using ethanol as a solvent at the condition of 343 K reaction temperature, 12:1 alcohol to oil ratio in 8 h reaction time. BMIMHSO4 showed higher conversion (98%) as compared to HMIMHSO4 with only 82% conversion. Clearly, BMIMHSO4 shows considerable potential to reduce the FFA in the feedstock as it is exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to lower alkyl chain of BMIMHSO4 compared to HMIMHSO4.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratio Of Ethanol To Suco On the Esterificatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

Roslan

Hasnan

Abdullah

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ionic liquids based on 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium were also studied by Elsheikh et al (2011) for esterification of free fatty acids present in crude palm oil. The crude palm oil had a high concentration of free fatty acids, so the authors developed a catalytic process in two steps, where initially three ionic liquids with Brønsted acidity were tested for their catalytic efficiency regarding free fatty acid esterification.…”

Section: (H 2 O) 2 ] Was Immobilized By Dasilveira Neto Et Al (2007)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ionic liquids in biodiesel production: a review

Andreani

Rocha

2012

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-This paper discusses the feasibility of the use of ionic liquids as catalysts in the biodiesel production field, describing some studies already published in the literature on this theme. Ionic liquids are regarded as a new generation of catalysts in the chemical industry, with several uses in different commercial segments. However only a few publications involving this topic can be found in the literature addressing the manufacture of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats. Through the analysis of the data generated in the studies reviewed, it is possible to affirm that ionic liquids present great potential as catalysts for biodiesel production, but there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.

show abstract

“…Crude palm oil (CPO) has been widely used as feedstock for biodiesel production (Elsheikh et al, 2011;Ho et al, 2014). Sludge palm oil (SPO) and acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) were also reported as potential industrial raw material for biodiesel production (Hayyan et al, 2013a;2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Novel Eutectic Catalyst for the Esterification of Crude Palm Oil Mixed With Sludge Palm Oil

Hayyan¹

2017

JOPR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process

Cited by 98 publications

References 33 publications

A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

Use of ionic liquids in biodiesel production: a review

Synthesis of Novel Eutectic Catalyst for the Esterification of Crude Palm Oil Mixed With Sludge Palm Oil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About