Brookite vs. rutile vs. anatase: What`s behind their various photocatalytic activities?

Žerjav, Gregor; Žižek, Krunoslav; Zavašnik, Janez; Pintar, Albin

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107722

Cited by 98 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…commercial TiO 2 ‐P25 and TiO 2 ‐urea. These results are in good agreement with those of other studies 34,35 . The interactions between the pollutant and the photocatalyst are minimal at the PZC because there are no electrostatic forces.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These results are in good agreement with those of other studies. 34,35 The interactions between the pollutant and the photocatalyst are minimal at the PZC because there are no electrostatic forces. The surface of the photocatalyst becomes positively charged and attracts organic anions in water when the pH is below the PZC.…”

Section: Influence Of Ph On Photocatalytic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation under UVA‐LED irradiation conditions

Duplančić

Liber

Zelić

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND This research deals with the photocatalytic degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. The reaction was carried out using a flat‐plate photoreactor in recirculated batch mode over an immobilized layer of a nitrogen‐doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The characterization of the prepared photocatalyst was performed using various instrumental techniques. The irradiation sources used were UV 365 nm high‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with various powers (20 and 30 W) and irradiation intensities. The radiation intensities were changed by adjusting the voltage supplied to the UVA‐LED radiation source. Design of experiments was used to evaluate the influence of three selected variables, namely initial concentration of imidacloprid solution, pH and UVA‐LED irradiance, on the photodegradation efficiency. RESULTS Doping the photocatalyst with nitrogen using urea as the nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the bandgap, Eg, compared to the characteristic values obtained for a commercial unmodified TiO2‐P25 photocatalyst (2.92 ± 0.021 versus 3.38 ± 0.015 eV). Analysis of the results using the Design‐Expert software package showed that irradiance was the most significant factor in the process studied. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of TiO2 with urea is more efficient method of TiO2 modification than nitrogen plasma pretreatment which resulted in a smaller decrease in Eg. The statistical parameters of the model equation obtained from analysis of variance confirmed the satisfactory fit of the proposed reduced cubic model to the experimental data. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid can be described by pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Influence Of Ph On Photocatalytic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation under UVA‐LED irradiation conditions

Duplančić

Liber

Zelić

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…One of the main reasons for the different catalytic performances of the TiO 2 polymorph is the depth of charge carrier trapping. Electrons in brookite are trapped in shallow traps and not photogeneration, which reduces the amount of free electron, but on the other hand, this extends the life span of hole [ 165 ].…”

Section: Homophase Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterophase Polymorph of TiO2 (Anatase, Rutile, Brookite, TiO2 (B)) for Efficient Photocatalyst: Fabrication and Activity

et al. 2023

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TiO2 exists naturally in three crystalline forms: anatase, rutile, brookite, and TiO2 (B). These polymorphs exhibit different properties and consequently different photocatalytic performances. This paper aims to clarify the differences between titanium dioxide polymorphs, and the differences in homophase, biphase, and triphase properties in various photocatalytic applications. However, homophase TiO2 has various disadvantages such as high recombination rates and low adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, TiO2 heterophase can effectively stimulate electron transfer from one phase to another causing superior photocatalytic performance. Various studies have reported the biphase of polymorph TiO2 such as anatase/rutile, anatase/brookite, rutile/brookite, and anatase/TiO2 (B). In addition, this paper also presents the triphase of the TiO2 polymorph. This review is mainly focused on information regarding the heterophase of the TiO2 polymorph, fabrication of heterophase synthesis, and its application as a photocatalyst.

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“…Pure TiO 2 brookite may present superior photocatalytic activity compared to the other two phases. However, it is difficult to synthesize, making it the less studied TiO 2 polymorph in photocatalysis [ 119 ]. Comparing TiO 2 rutile and anatase, TiO 2 rutile suffers from low generation and high recombination rate of charge carriers because of deep electron traps, despite having a lower band gap energy value (~3.0 eV) than TiO 2 anatase (~3.2 eV).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

et al. 2023

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The preparation of visible-light-driven photocatalysts has become highly appealing for environmental remediation through simple, fast and green chemical methods. The current study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/TiO2) heterostructures through a fast (1 h) and simple microwave-assisted approach. Different g-C3N4 amounts mixed with TiO2 (15, 30 and 45 wt. %) were investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of a recalcitrant azo dye (methyl orange (MO)) under solar simulating light. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the anatase TiO2 phase for the pure material and all heterostructures produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that by increasing the amount of g-C3N4 in the synthesis, large TiO2 aggregates composed of irregularly shaped particles were disintegrated and resulted in smaller ones, composing a film that covered the g-C3N4 nanosheets. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses confirmed the existence of an effective interface between a g-C3N4 nanosheet and a TiO2 nanocrystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidenced no chemical alterations to both g-C3N4 and TiO2 at the heterostructure. The visible-light absorption shift was indicated by the red shift in the absorption onset through the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra. The 30 wt. % of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure showed the best photocatalytic performance, with a MO dye degradation of 85% in 4 h, corresponding to an enhanced efficiency of almost 2 and 10 times greater than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets, respectively. Superoxide radical species were found to be the most active radical species in the MO photodegradation process. The creation of a type-II heterostructure is highly suggested due to the negligible participation of hydroxyl radical species in the photodegradation process. The superior photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergy of g-C3N4 and TiO2 materials.

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Brookite vs. rutile vs. anatase: What`s behind their various photocatalytic activities?

Cited by 98 publications

References 79 publications

Optimization of imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation under UVA‐LED irradiation conditions

Optimization of imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation under UVA‐LED irradiation conditions

Heterophase Polymorph of TiO2 (Anatase, Rutile, Brookite, TiO2 (B)) for Efficient Photocatalyst: Fabrication and Activity

Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C3N4/TiO2 Photocatalysts

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