BTEX removal from aqueous solutions by HDTMA-modified Y zeolite

Application of Mineral Sorbents for Removal of Petroleum Substances: A Review

“…Results presented by Nourmoradi et al [81] and Vidal et al [57] show that it is possible to regenerate the used organo-mineral adsorbents by thermal treatment without significant loss of further sorption efficiency.…”

“…The sorption selectivity in most studies followed the order xylenes > ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene [57,[80][81][82]. The dependency might be explained by molecular weight of the adsorbates, their hydrophobicity, water solubility, the size and geometrical shape of adsorbate particles, and the type of functional groups.…”

“…One of the most common organic modifiers is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), typically used to modify the surface of clay minerals. Attempts have been made relatively recently to use these compounds for the modification of natural and synthetic zeolites [57][58][59][60]. HDTMA-Br and other salts of this kind can bond to mineral surfaces due to electrostatic forces through exchange with sodium, potassium or calcium cations.…”

“…The authors have explored sorption capacities (q e , mg/g) of the adsorbents using standard batch technique and applied popular isotherm and kinetic models for the evaluation of possible sorption mechanisms. The concentrations of organic compounds were determined using chromatography methods such as GC-FID (Gas Chromatography coupled to a Flame Ionization Detector) [49,81,87], GC-MS (Gas Chromatograph coupled to a Mass Spectrometer) [57], HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) [80]. Table 2 summarizes the results obtained for BTEX and other organic compounds sorption on natural and modified minerals including kinetic and isotherm parameters of the best fitting.…”

“…Vidal et al [57] used commercial synthetic zeolite Y and HDMA as a surfactant for zeolite modification. The HDTMA loading level was 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 of the total CEC of the zeolite Y.…”