Bubble-detector measurements in the Russian segment of the International Space Station during 2009-12

Smith, M. B.; Khulapko, S.; Andrews, H. R.; Arkhangelsky, V.; Ing, H.; Lewis, Brent J.; Machrafi, R.; Nikolaev, Igor; Shurshakov, Vyacheslav

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu053

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Based on the similarity in the Radi-N and Radi-N2 results, it appears that the differences in solar activity and ISS altitude between 2009 and 2013 did not have a strong effect on the neutron dose in the ISS. This observation agrees well with the earlier conclusions (8) from the Russian segment. In the study of Smith et al (8) , it was noted that the recent solar maximum may not have been strong enough to produce observable changes in the neutron field in the ISS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…those in the highest energy bin of the SBDS spectrum). The contribution of these high-energy neutrons is in good agreement with the earlier bubble-detector measurements (3,4,7,8) performed in LEO.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…While the service module has been well studied in earlier Matroshka-R measurements, MRM1 provided the opportunity to perform experiments in a new location. In the service module, the location for the SBDS and two SPNDs from detector set 2 was panel 327, with the exception of session C. For this session, the SBDS and SPNDs were placed on and around the hydrogenous radiation shield (8) in the service module. The Matroshka-R spherical phantom was used for the measurements in MRM1.…”

Section: Dates and Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further bubble-detector measurements were performed for Matroshka-R during the ISS-22 (2009) to ISS-33 (2012) expeditions (8) . Thirty-two experimental sessions ( 1 week each) were performed in the Russian segment, using SPNDs and a SBDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bubble-Detector Measurements of Neutron Radiation in the International Space Station: Iss-34 to Iss-37

Smith¹,

Khulapko

Andrews³

et al. 2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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Bubble detectors have been used to characterise the neutron dose and energy spectrum in several modules of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of an ongoing radiation survey. A series of experiments was performed during the ISS-34, ISS-35, ISS-36 and ISS-37 missions between December 2012 and October 2013. The Radi-N2 experiment, a repeat of the 2009 Radi-N investigation, included measurements in four modules of the US orbital segment: Columbus, the Japanese experiment module, the US laboratory and Node 2. The Radi-N2 dose and spectral measurements are not significantly different from the Radi-N results collected in the same ISS locations, despite the large difference in solar activity between 2009 and 2013. Parallel experiments using a second set of detectors in the Russian segment of the ISS included the first characterisation of the neutron spectrum inside the tissue-equivalent Matroshka-R phantom. These data suggest that the dose inside the phantom is ∼70% of the dose at its surface, while the spectrum inside the phantom contains a larger fraction of high-energy neutrons than the spectrum outside the phantom. The phantom results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations that provide good agreement with the empirical data.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Dates and Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bubble-Detector Measurements of Neutron Radiation in the International Space Station: Iss-34 to Iss-37

Smith¹,

Khulapko

Andrews³

et al. 2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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“…Only a few papers have shown data from the period under study here and have been published recently (Lishnevskii et al 2012;Semkova et al 2013Semkova et al , 2014Berger et al 2015;Smith et al 2015;Dachev et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Narici

Casolino

Fino

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The project ALTEA-shield/survey is part of an European Space Agency (ESA) -ILSRA (International Life Science Research Announcement) program and provides a detailed study of the International Space Station (ISS) (USLab and partly Columbus) radiation environment. The experiment spans over 2 years, from September 20, 2010 to September 30, 2012, for a total of about 1.5 years of effective measurements. The ALTEA detector system measures all heavy ions above helium and, to a limited extent, hydrogen and helium (respectively, in 25 Mev-45 MeV and 25 MeV/n-250 MeV/n energy windows) while tracking every individual particle. It measures independently the radiation along the three ISS coordinate axes. The data presented consist of flux, dose, and dose equivalent over the time of investigation, at the different surveyed locations. Data are selected from the different geographic regions (low and high latitudes and South Atlantic Anomaly, SAA). Even with a limited acceptance window for the proton contribution, the flux/dose/dose equivalent results as well as the radiation spectra provide information on how the radiation risks change in the different surveyed sites. The large changes in radiation environment found among the measured sites, due to the different shield/mass distribution, require a detailed Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model to be used together with these measurements for the validation of radiation models in space habitats. Altitude also affects measured radiation, especially in the SAA. In the period of measurements, the altitude (averaged over each minute) ranged from 339 km to 447 km. Measurements show the significant shielding effect of the ISS truss, responsible for a consistent amount of reduction in dose equivalent (and so in radiation quality). Measured Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) dose rates at high latitude range from 0.354 ± 0.002 nGy/s to 0.770 ± 0.006 nGy/s while dose equivalent from 1.21 ± 0.04 nSv/s to 6.05 ± 0.09 nSv/s. The radiation variation over the SAA is studied. Even with the reduced proton sensitivity, the high day-by-day variability, as well as the strong altitude dependence is clearly observed. The ability of filtering out this contribution from the data is presented as a tool to construct a radiation data set well mimicking deep space radiation, useful for model validations and improvements.

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Comparison of the space bubble detector response to space-like neutron spectra and high energy protons

et al. 2018

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Bubble-detector measurements in the Russian segment of the International Space Station during 2009-12

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Bubble-Detector Measurements of Neutron Radiation in the International Space Station: Iss-34 to Iss-37

Bubble-Detector Measurements of Neutron Radiation in the International Space Station: Iss-34 to Iss-37

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Comparison of the space bubble detector response to space-like neutron spectra and high energy protons

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