PurposeConstruction industry is a vital sector for national and economic development of any country. Past studies reveal that the Nigerian construction industry is suffering from buildability problems. Buildability improvement is the duty of every key stakeholder, including designers, builders and clients. This study sets out to determine the principal roles of clients in buildability improvement in Nigerian construction projects.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was adopted to evaluate construction industry professionals’ views on the roles of clients in buildability improvement in Nigeria. Eighty-one questionnaires were sufficiently filled and returned, representing a return percentage of 76% which formed the basis of this study. Data elicited were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe results from factors analysis show that the roles of clients in buildability improvement can be categorised into two constructs: commitment to buildability assessment and other related practices, and adequate planning of project objectives.Originality/valueThis study contributed to more effective buildability studies by highlighting the roles of clients in buildability improvement in the construction industry. An understanding of these roles is very significant for minimising buildability problems as well as for improving and embedding buildability as a practice in the construction industry.