Building Blocks for Adopting Smart Manufacturing

Revealing the Content of Industry 4.0: A Review of Literature

“…Several of the reviewed articles [1,7,[9][10][11]17] described the components of Industry 4.0 in terms of technologies and/or design principles. Based on this, a framework was developed based on these two components.…”

“…In short, CPS consist of two important elements; A network of objects and systems communicating with each other over the internet with a designated address and, a virtual environment that is created by computer simulation of objects and behaviors in the real world [11]. CPS is also referred to as Cyber-physical production system (CPPS) [8,9]. CPS/CPPS are often used interchangeably [8].…”

“…This enables the integration of distributed manufacturing resources and establishment of a collaborative and flexible infrastructure across geographically distributed manufacturing and service sites [31]. Cloud manufacturing (CM) is also mentioned as a technology of Industry 4.0 [6,8,9] and is driven by cloud computing [29]. CM is a customer-centric manufacturing model that exploits on-demand access to a shared collection of diversified and distributed manufacturing resources.…”

“…Despite (or maybe because of) the large interest from both industry and academia, a drawback with the vast literature on initiatives that tap into the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0 and alike, is the fuzziness when it comes to terminology and content. The content of these initiatives has been described as for example technologies [3,[6][7][8], building blocks [9], design principles [7,10,11], components [11], tools [12] and similar terms. The terms are mixed up, and sometimes used interchangeable and furthermore, the constituent parts are not fully described.…”

Real Opportunities in the Era of Connectivity

“…However, if properly implemented, recent studies (Ghobakhloo &and Ching, 2019) demonstrate that a growing adoption of autonomous robots, industrial sensors or advanced systems like the Enterprise Resource Planning produces higher organizational improvement and productivity. According to Mittal et al (2019), one of the key benefits related to the use of intelligence systems is the data interoperability within the company. Moreover, the greater the perception about increasing costs, the lower the adoption of these advanced technologies (Ransbotham et al, 2017).…”