Building consensus on a set of ENDS-specific pictorial health warnings: a Delphi study among a tobacco control expert panel
Taghrid Asfar,
Michael Schmidt,
Olusanya Joshua Oluwole
et al.
Abstract:BackgroundThis study reports on the development of pictorial health warning labels for electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) using the Delphi approach with a panel of tobacco control experts. Twenty-four evidence-based ENDS-specific warnings corresponding to three themes (toxicity, health risks and specific harm) were developed and used in the Delphi study.MethodsWe conducted a three-round online Delphi study among 60 experts (55% female) between June 2022 and April 2023. We balanced the panel in areas of… Show more
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