“…Although these adoption rates might have changed since the year of assessment, many developing countries are still struggling to overcome the barriers associated with the adoption of BIM. Some notable barriers to BIM adoption have also been established in literature [4,7,11,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Perceived barriers to BIM adoption include (but are not limited to) the high initial cost, a lack of awareness, inadequate training, resistance to change in the current construction industry culture, insufficient governmental support, legal issues, a lack of interest and demand from clients and contractors, a lack of support from top management, doubts about ROI, a lack of BIM experts, data ownership issues, a lack of sub-contractors interested in using BIM, the absence of the contractual requirement for BIM implementation, the perceived complexity of the BIM model, interoperability between software programs, and a lack of standardized tools and protocols, amongst others.…”