Bulk-Boundary Duality, Gauge Invariance, and Quantum Error Corrections

A puzzling aspect of the AdS/CFT correspondence is that a single bulk operator can be mapped to multiple different boundary operators, or precursors. By improving upon a recent model of Mintun, Polchinski, and Rosenhaus, we demonstrate explicitly how this ambiguity arises in a simple model of the field theory. In particular, we show how gauge invariance in the boundary theory manifests as a freedom in the smearing function used in the bulk-boundary mapping, and explicitly show how this freedom can be used to localize the precursor in different spatial regions. We also show how the ambiguity can be understood in terms of quantum error correction, by appealing to the entanglement present in the CFT. The concordance of these two approaches suggests that gauge invariance and entanglement in the boundary field theory are intimately connected to the reconstruction of local operators in the dual spacetime.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improved Toy Model Of the Bulk-boundary Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Precursors, gauge invariance, and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT

Freivogel

Jefferson

Kabir

2016

“…The calculation can be inspected in closer detail at arbitrary Renyi index n, which is given by [33] 25) where the expression is again applicable only in the large D limit. When the density matrix corresponding to n-replica is averaged over the Haar measure at each vertex, it gives…”

Section: An Extra Correction In the Renyi Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To remedy the problem, we explore the 1 Interested readers are referred to [13,14] for a comprehensive review on tensor networks and its diverse applications in various branches of theoretical physics. Also we list out some references [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] where the connection between reconstruction of bulk spacetime and entanglement in the context of holography have been explored. This list is by no means complete and the readers are encouraged to check the citations of these papers and the references within.…”

Section: Jhep08(2016)086 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the tensor networks/AdS correspondence

Bhattacharyya

Gao

Hung

et al. 2016

In this paper we study the recently proposed tensor networks/AdS correspondence. We found that the Coxeter group is a useful tool to describe tensor networks in a negatively curved space. Studying generic tensor network populated by perfect tensors, we find that the physical wave function generically do not admit any connected correlation functions of local operators. To remedy the problem, we assume that wavefunctions admitting such semi-classical gravitational interpretation are composed of tensors close to, but not exactly perfect tensors. Computing corrections to the connected two point correlation functions, we find that the leading contribution is given by structures related to geodesics connecting the operators inserted at the boundary physical dofs. Such considerations admit generalizations at least to three point functions. This is highly suggestive of the emergence of the analogues of Witten diagrams in the tensor network. The perturbations alone however do not give the right entanglement spectrum. Using the Coxeter construction, we also constructed the tensor network counterpart of the BTZ black hole, by orbifolding the discrete lattice on which the network resides. We found that the construction naturally reproduces some of the salient features of the BTZ black hole, such as the appearance of RT surfaces that could wrap the horizon, depending on the size of the entanglement region A.

The algebra of observables in Gaußian normal spacetime coordinates

Bodendorfer

Duch

Lewandowski

et al. 2016

We discuss the canonical structure of a spacetime version of the radial gauge, i.e. Gaußian normal spacetime coordinates. While it was found for the spatial version of the radial gauge that a "local" algebra of observables can be constructed, it turns out that this is not possible for the spacetime version. The technical reason for this observation is that the new gauge condition needed to upgrade the spatial to a spacetime radial gauge does not Poisson-commute with the previous gauge conditions. It follows that the involved Dirac bracket is inherently non-local in the sense that no complete set of observables can be found which is constructed locally and at the same time has local Dirac brackets. A locally constructed observable here is defined as a finite polynomial of the canonical variables at a given physical point specified by the Gaußian normal spacetime coordinates.