Bumpy Appearance Editing of Object Surfaces in Digital Images

Abstract

Objects in nature have diverse appearances, and appearance is one of the elements constituting the unique visual aspect of an object. However, previous studies have shown that when an object is represented as a digital image, its appearance can change compared to the real object depending on the material. In this study, the focus was on the "bumpiness" of the object surface, whereby a method was proposed to edit the bumpiness of the object in the image. First, the statistics obtained from images were analyzed in relation to the sensibility value of the bumpiness perceived by humans. Since the statistics on the original image could not fully explain the perception of bumpiness, analyses were conducted on multiscale images. The results suggested that the mean, standard deviation, and top, defined as the average of the luminance values within the top 10 [percentile], were highly influential as cues for bumpiness perception. The results also indicated that the components in the range of 5-65 [cycles per image-width] were highly influential. Based on these analysis results, a method is proposed to edit bumpiness perception by modulating components in the low and medium frequency bands. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by image modulation experiments on objects of various materials.