Buoyancy-assisted mixed convective flow over backward-facing step in a vertical duct using nanofluids

The effect of nanofluids flow on mixed convection heat transfer over microscale backward-facing step

“…The peak value of the Nusselt number is observed at the separation point (step wall) and then it decreases with keeping away from the step of the duct until the reattachment point and then it takes a fixed shape when the flow is being fully developed. This is due to the fluid flow separation which leads to enhance the heat transfer rate [45].…”

“…The skin friction coefficient increases as the Reynolds number increases. Very recently, Mohammed et al [1,45] studied the influence of nanofluids on mixed convective heat transfer over horizontal and vertical backward-facing steps. In this study eight different types of nanoparticles which are Ag, Al 2 O 3 , Au, Cu, CuO, diamond, SiO 2 , and TiO 2 , with 5% volume fraction were used.…”

Experimental study of nanofluid flow and heat transfer over microscale backward- and forward-facing steps

“…These nanoparticles can be for instance Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Cu, CuO, ZnO and TiO 2 [18]. Many researchers have investigated the effects of nanofluids in the enhancement of heat transfer and the fluid flow [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Mixed convective nanofluid flow in a channel having backward-facing step with a baffle

“…There are rather limited articles that have been reported in the literature on the convective heat transfer in nanofluids; see, for example, Daungthongsuk and Wongwises [2], Wang and Mujumdar [3] and Mohammed [4][5]. It should be noted, however, that the vast majority of the studies of a backwardfacing step that are reported in the open literature involved "regular" fluids (i.e., not nanofluids).…”

“…Thus, it does not cause an increase in pressure drop in the flow field. Past studies showed that nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermal properties, such as higher thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficients compared to the base fluid; see, for example, Daungthongsuk and Wongwises [2], Mujumdar [3], Mohammed et al [4][5].…”