Burden of obstructive lung disease study in Iran: First report of the prevalence and risk factors of copd in five provinces

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health burden that affects 300 million people worldwide. Globally, COPD was reported as the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position in 2030. The goal of the present project is to describe the prevalence and determine the causes and risk factors of COPD in five provinces of Iran. Methods: This study followed a stratified cluster sampling strategy with proportional allocation within strata. The target population is all noninstitutionalized inhabitants, aged 18 and over, who inhabit in different provinces in Iran in the year 2017. The stratification of the sample according to the 31 provinces of Iran is incorporated in the sampling process. The core questionnaire was developed from preexisting validated questionnaires. The single most important outcome measure obtained as part of this protocol was spirometry before and after the administration of 200 mg (two puffs) of salbutamol. Results: The most commonly reported respiratory symptoms were as follows: wheezing (N=217, 20.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%–22.8%), sputum production (N=173, 16.5%, 95% CI: 14.3%–18.8%), and dyspnea (N=131, 12.3%, 95% CI: 10.3%–14.3%). The overall COPD prevalence defined by the postbronchodilator spirometric Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria was 4.9%, higher in men (6.4%) than in women (3.9%). The prevalence of COPD was strongly dependent on smoking status, age, and sex. Conclusion: COPD is considered a preventable disease, and avoidance of exposure to major risk factors can prevent the vast majority of cases. The present study findings add to the literature on the prevalence of COPD in Iran and will help policy-makers, specialists, and all stakeholders to strategize and evaluate medical services required for reducing the prevalence of respiratory diseases. The data from our present study will serve as baseline information for future national and regional studies of COPD.

Prevalence of different comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Shahrekord PERSIAN cohort study in southwest Iran

“…In another study conducted in five different geographical areas in Iran (north, south, west, and east of Iran), the overall prevalence of COPD was estimated at 4.9%. The prevalence of COPD was 2.8% in Mashhad, 3.7% in Mazandaran, 8.8% in Ahvaz, 4.1% in Tehran, and 13.9% in Kerman 26 . The prevalence of COPD was higher in our study than in the BOLD study including 14 countries, which reported the prevalence of COPD grade 2 to be over 1.8% 27 .…”

Is Inhaler Technique Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

“…1 It is estimated that COPD will be the fourth leading cause of death in 2030 worldwide, a 1-step move up in the rank order compared with 2002. 2 The prevalence of the disease was reported to be 4.9% in Iran 3 and 9.2% in Tehran. 4 It was also demonstrated that patients with COPD have 50% lower long-term survival compared with their healthy counterparts.…”

Diseased lungs may hinder COVID-19 development: A possible reason for the low prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 patients

“…These cohort studies, however, did find that COPD patients had a worse prognosis for severe and fatal COVID-19 [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] . For reference, the COPD prevalence in the adult general population is 13-15% in South Korea [28] , [29] , 8% in Mexico [30] , 10% in Spain [31] , 5% in Iran [32] , and 7% in Kuwait [33] .…”