“…Questionnaire: The questionnaire was designed to elicit information about the needs of English training for export laborers, in particular, their language needs regarding daily routines and survival (e.g., language needs for daily life activities, at the restaurant, at the post office, at the bank, at the hospital, at the market/supermarket, and at the airport/station) and professional domains (interactions with employers/managers, with colleagues, with clients/customers, and with documents/machinery). The questionnaire was designed on the basis of relevant frameworks and previous studies that tackle the learners' language needs, in regards to vocational and labor migration purposes [4,7,15,21,28]. In addition, the information from the semi-structured interview also serves as the basis for the construction of the questionnaire, especially regarding the specific contextual factors of Vietnamese laborers.…”